“…Diapause is divided into phases termed initiation, maintenance and termination, which may be further subdivided (Koštál, 2006;Yocum et al, 2009;Koštál et al, 2017). Diapause initiation can entail diet change, differential gene expression and protein synthesis, structural changes for tissue defence, and lipid accumulation (Hayward et al, 2005;Hahn and Denlinger, 2007;MacRae, 2010;Clark et al, 2012;Tarrant et al, 2014Tarrant et al, , 2016Romney and Podrabsky, 2017;Arezo et al, 2017). Initiation leads to maintenance where, most notably, stress tolerance and metabolic depression are maximized.…”