Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in mice treated with troxerutin

Abstract

Troxerutin, a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural bioflavanoid rutin, has been reported to possess many beneficial effects in human bodies, such as vasoprotection, immune support, anti-inflammation and anti-aging. However, the effects of troxerutin on genome-wide transcription in blood cells are still unknown. In order to find out effects of troxerutin on gene transcription, a high-throughput RNA sequencing was employed to analysis differential gene expression in blood cells consisting of leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets isolated from the mice received subcutaneous injection of troxerutin. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of only fifteen genes was significantly changed by the treatment with troxerutin, among which 5 genes were up-regulated and 10 genes were down-regulated. Bioinformatic analysis of the fifteen differentially expressed genes was made by utilizing the Gene Ontology (GO), and the differential expression induced by troxerutin was further evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR).

Lowered levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and elevated apoptosis in the hippocampus of brains from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and db/db mice

“…The levels of mRNA encoding α7, α4 and β2 investigated using Real-time quantitative PCR were performed as described previously [ 46 ]. In brief, total RNA was extracted from the hippocampus and cortex with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) using a homogenizer, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Radiation-Induced Reactions in The Liver — Modulation of Radiation Effects by Lifestyle-Related Factors —

“…Oral administration of rutin induces anti-oxidative enzymes and protects liver functions and tissue architecture after irradiation [82,83]. Troxerutin, a derivative of rutin [92], may selectively protect normal tissues, including the liver, after irradiation by decreasing lipid peroxidation in normal tissues but not in tumors [93]. Indeed, troxerutin rescues mice after exposure to high-dose irradiation [94].…”

Benefits of micronutrient supplementation for reducing the risk of wet age-related macular disease and diabetic retinopathy

“…90,102 • Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing effects. [90][91][92][93]101,102 • Cytoprotective activity. 93 Troxerutin has a number of interesting activities relevant to ocular diseases and diabetes, where it has been reported to act primarily on the microvascular endothelium, inhibiting platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, increasing red blood cell deformability and reducing blood viscosity, therefore improving retinal microcirculation.…”

“…Troxerutin significantly changed the expression of 15 genes linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diabetes inhibition, protein production and T-cell mediated cytotoxicity and proliferation effects. 90 Additional genetic study shows that troxerutin has protective effects against UVB-induced cellular damage by regulating miRNA expression. 91 A summary of studies that have investigated the properties of troxerutin is presented in Table 2.…”

“…Troxerutin (tri-hydroxyethyl-rutoside), a derivative of the bioflavonoid rutin hemisynthetically derived from Sophora japonica , is emerging as an innovative micronutrient with promising potential as an adjuvant in diseases associated with oxidative stress. 90,93 Troxerutin has been reported to have antioxidant effects in a range of different tissues, including the kidney, liver, intestine and brain, protecting cells from oxidative stress through free radical scavenging. 93 The non-ophthalmic activities of troxerutin demonstrated through in vivo and in vitro models include Multiple vascular- and cardiovascular-protective activities such as inhibition of platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity, reduction of capillary permeability and edema, and increased vascular tone.…”