Transcriptomic analysis of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver infected with Contracaecum osculatum third stage larvae indicates parasitic effects on growth and immune response

Marnis, Huria; Kania, Per W.; Syahputra, Khairul; Zuo, Shaozhi; Dirks, Ron P.; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.034

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Notably, for some fish species, gamma globulins are considered to represent the complex nature of parasitic nematode antigenicity ( Meade and Harvey, 1969 ), which is in agreement with the present response of G. morhua to a parasitic nematode, where the gamma fraction of the globulins drives the observed increase in the plasma globulins. In support, in G. morhua , genes related to immune response are overall affected by infections with C. osculatum ( Marnis et al ., 2019 ). More specifically, expression of immune-related genes in G. morhua tends to be downregulated in the liver but upregulated in the spleen, suggestively due to local immune suppression in the liver caused by C. osculatum ( Marnis et al ., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Physiological condition of Eastern Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, infected with the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum

Ryberg

Skov

Vendramin

et al. 2020

Conservation Physiology

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Establishing relationships between parasite infection and physiological condition of the host can be difficult and therefore are often neglected when describing factors causing population declines. Using the parasite–host system between the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum and the Eastern Baltic cod Gadus morhua, we here shed new light on how parasite load may relate to the physiological condition of a transport host. The Eastern Baltic cod is in distress, with declining nutritional conditions, disappearance of the larger fish, high natural mortality and no signs of recovery of the population. During the latest decade, high infection levels with C. osculatum have been observed in fish in the central and southern parts of the Baltic Sea. We investigated the aerobic performance, nutritional condition, organ masses, and plasma and proximate body composition of wild naturally infected G. morhua in relation to infection density with C. osculatum. Fish with high infection densities of C. osculatum had (i) decreased nutritional condition, (ii) depressed energy turnover as evidenced by reduced standard metabolic rate, (iii) reduction in the digestive organ masses, and alongside (iv) changes in the plasma, body and liver composition, and fish energy source. The significantly reduced albumin to globulin ratio in highly infected G. morhua suggests that the fish suffer from a chronic liver disease. Furthermore, fish with high infection loads had the lowest Fulton’s condition factor. Yet, it remains unknown whether our results steam from a direct effect of C. osculatum, or because G. morhua in an already compromised nutritional state are more susceptible towards the parasite. Nevertheless, impairment of the physiological condition can lead to reduced swimming performance, compromising foraging success while augmenting the risk of predation, potentially leading to an increase in the natural mortality of the host. We hence argue that fish–parasite interactions must not be neglected when implementing and refining strategies to rebuild deteriorating populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Physiological condition of Eastern Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, infected with the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum

Ryberg

Skov

Vendramin

et al. 2020

Conservation Physiology

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“…However, the effects of C. osculatum are likely more complex and extensive than those mentioned above. Genes related to metabolism, immune function and growth have been shown to be expressed differently in livers of infected cod compared to non-infected cod ( Marnis et al, 2019 ). A recent study revealed that cod with high infection densities had decreased nutritional condition and depressed energy turnover, meaning maintenance costs are reduced in the heavily infected cod ( Ryberg et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Ovegård

Ljungberg

Orio

et al. 2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Recent preliminary studies indicate the possible role of immune response genes on parasitic infections ( 8 – 10 ). Certain immune response genes were detected through transcriptomics analysis in the case of infection with the Contracaecum osculatum third-stage larvae in fish ( 8 ). Similar reports are available for the influence of the MDA5 pathway on malaria infection ( 9 ) and IRF3 on Toxoplasma gondi infection ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent preliminary studies indicate the possible role of immune response genes on parasitic infections (8)(9)(10). Certain immune response genes were detected through transcriptomics analysis in the case of infection with the Contracaecum osculatum third-stage larvae in fish (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RIG-I Has a Role in Immunity Against Haemonchus contortus, a Gastrointestinal Parasite in Ovis aries: A Novel Report

Banerjee

Pal

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) is associated to the DExD/H box RNA helicases. It is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), playing a crucial role in the system and is a germ line encoded host sensor to perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). So far, reports are available for the role of RIG-I in antiviral immunity. This is the first report in which we have documented the role of RIG-I in parasitic immunity. Haemonchus contortus is a deadly parasite affecting the sheep industry, which has a tremendous economic importance, and the parasite is reported to be prevalent in the hot and humid agroclimatic region. We characterize the RIG-I gene in sheep (Ovis aries) and identify the important domains or binding sites with Haemonchus contortus through in silico studies. Differential mRNA expression analysis reveals upregulation of the RIG-I gene in the abomasum of infected sheep compared with that of healthy sheep, further confirming the findings. Thus, it is evident that, in infected sheep, expression of RIG-I is triggered for binding to more pathogens (Haemonchus contortus). Genetically similar studies with humans and other livestock species were conducted to reveal that sheep may be efficiently using a model organism for studying the role of RIG-I in antiparasitic immunity in humans.

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Transcriptomic analysis of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver infected with Contracaecum osculatum third stage larvae indicates parasitic effects on growth and immune response

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

Physiological condition of Eastern Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, infected with the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum

Physiological condition of Eastern Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, infected with the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum

The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

RIG-I Has a Role in Immunity Against Haemonchus contortus, a Gastrointestinal Parasite in Ovis aries: A Novel Report

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