“…Among the 24 innate immunity-associated miRNAs, 21 miRNAs are highly conserved, suggesting that these miRNAs may share similar or the same functions in different species of animals (Yang et al, 2012). In addition to shrimp, the miRNAs of other crustaceans have been identified, including Triops cancriformis (tadpole shrimp), Scylla paramamosain (mud crab), Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab), and Procambarus clarkii (freshwater crayfish) (Ikeda et al, 2014;Li et al, 2013a,b;Xiu et al, 2012;Ou et al, 2013). For example, 46 miRNAs of Eriocheir sinensis are upregulated and 30 are downregulated upon challenge with S. eriocheiris.…”