Transcriptome profiling of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) gynophores in gravitropic response

Abstract

Abstract. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) produces flowers aerially, but the fruit develops underground. This process is mediated by the gynophore, which always grows vertically downwards. The genetic basis underlying gravitropic bending of gynophores is not well understood. To identify genes related to gynophore gravitropism, gene expression profiles of gynophores cultured in vitro with tip pointing upward (gravitropic stimulation sample) and downward (control) at both 6 and 12 h were compared through a high-density peanut microarray. After gravitropic stimulation, there were 174 differentially expressed genes, including 91 upregulated and 83 downregulated genes at 6 h, and 491 differentially expressed genes including 129 upregulated and 362 downregulated genes at 12 h. The differentially expressed genes identified were assigned to 24 functional categories. Twenty pathways including carbon fixation, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, pentose phosphate pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism were identified. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed for validation of microarray results. Our study paves the way to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the peanut gynophore gravitropism.

Aspergillus flavus infection triggered immune responses and host-pathogen cross-talks in groundnut during in-vitro seed colonization

“…The differential transcriptome analysis based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), can provide insights to understand resistance mechanisms and offers the possibilities of identifying novel genes and splice variants 12 , 13 . Few reports on expression profiles are available for selected tissues of plant growth and development in groundnut using either microarray 14 – 16 or transcriptome sequencing 17 – 22 . Transcriptome studies have been carried out for biotic stresses like late leaf spot 23 , 24 and bacterial wilt 25 .…”

Transcriptome‐wide sequencing provides insights into geocarpy in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…These EST sequencing efforts have allowed the identification of functional genes resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses in peanut. Microarrays have also been used to investigate the global transcription profiles of different peanut varieties as well as expression patterns in a variety of peanut tissues under various conditions (Guo et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013;Payton et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2012). Using such approaches, however, it is difficult to define the transcriptome at single-base resolution.…”

Selection of optimal reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of shoot development and graviresponse in prostrate and erect chrysanthemums

“…In our study, PP2A-1 and TIP41 were stably expressed in set 4 and set 5, thus determining them as superior reference genes in gravitropic response of YT and FH. The traditional reference gene ACT was used for data normalization in qPCR analysis during graviresponse in Arabidopsis seedlings [58], peanut gynophores [20] and chrysanthemum shoot [23]. However, in the present study, the expression of ACT displayed unacceptable variation during shoot graviresponse.…”

“…UBQ was used for data normalization in qPCR analysis after gravity stimulation in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems [17] and rice shoot base [18,19]. ACT was used as an internal control to analyze relative expression level under graviresponse in peanut gynophores [20]. In the case of chrysanthemum , however, previous researchers have mainly focused on anatomical physiological characteristics of the creeping stem [21,22].…”