Transcriptome Profiling of Caco-2 Cancer Cell Line following Treatment with Extracts from Iodine-Biofortified Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Abstract

Although iodization of salt is the most common method used to obtain iodine-enriched food, iodine deficiency disorders are still a global health problem and profoundly affect the quality of human life. Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are crucial regulators of human metabolism, cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and have been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of iodine-biofortified lettuce on transcriptomic profile of Caco-2 cancer cell line by applying the Whole Human Genome Microarray assay. We showed 1326 differentially expressed Caco-2 transcripts after treatment with iodine-biofortified (BFL) and non-fortified (NFL) lettuce extracts. We analysed pathways, molecular functions, biological processes and protein classes based on comparison between BFL and NFL specific genes. Iodine, which was expected to act as a free ion (KI-NFL) or at least in part to be incorporated into lettuce macromolecules (BFL), differently regulated pathways of numerous transcription factors leading to different cellular effects. In this study we showed the inhibition of Caco-2 cells proliferation after treatment with BFL, but not potassium iodide (KI), and BFL-mediated induction of mitochondrial apoptosis and/or cell differentiation. Our results showed that iodine-biofortified plants can be effectively used by cells as an alternative source of this trace element. Moreover, the observed differences in action of both iodine sources may suggest a potential of BFL in cancer treatment.

Biofortification of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) with Iodine and Selenium in a Field Experiment

“… Kopeć et al (2015) revealed higher I assimilability and improvement of this element’s metabolism in rats fed with I-enriched lettuce in relation to those fed with control lettuce and a diet containing mineral KI. In the research by Koronowicz et al (2016) , the inhibition of Caco-2 cancer cell proliferation was demonstrated after treatment with I-biofortified lettuce extract, but not KI as well as I-biofortified lettuce-mediated induction of mitochondrial apoptosis and/or cell differentiation. This study showed 1326 differently expressed Caco-2 transcripts after treatment of biofortified and non-fortified lettuce extract.…”

New Aspects of Uptake and Metabolism of Non-organic and Organic Iodine Compounds—The Role of Vanadium and Plant-Derived Thyroid Hormone Analogs in Lettuce

“…I-enriched lettuce strongly reduces the in vitro development of cancerous cells in colon cancer (Koronowicz et al, 2016). It seems appropriate to study the use of lettuce enriched with 5-ISA and 3,5-diISA in nutrigenomics.…”

The Sustainable Use of Cotton, Hazelnut and Ground Peanut Waste in Vegetable Crop Production

“…According to the literature, flavonoids present in lettuce extracts could exhibit in vitro toxic effects against human hepatoma (HepG2) cells [83], however the main compound responsible for these effects was luteolin-7-O-glucoside which was not detected in our study. Moreover, extracts from iodine-biofortified lettuce were effective against Caco-2 cancer cell line [84], while Durazzo et al [85] suggested significant effects of cultivation practices on cytotoxicity of lettuce extracts against the same cell line. Similarly to our study, Karkanis et al [82] reported a significant impact of growth substrate on the cytotoxic effects of Sanguisorba minor leaf and root extracts, which indicates that differences in the physicochemical properties of the growing medium may affect the bioactivities of the final produce.…”