Transcriptome profile of lung dendritic cells after in vitro porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

Abstract

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious disease that leads to high financial and production losses in the global swine industry. The pathogenesis of this disease is dependent on a multitude of factors, and its control remains problematic. The immune system generally defends against infectious diseases, especially dendritic cells (DCs), which play a crucial role in the activation of the immune response after viral infections. However, the understanding of the immune response and the genetic impact on the immune response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) remains incomplete. In light of this, we investigated the regulation of the host immune response to PRRSV in porcine lung DCs using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Lung DCs from two different pig breeds (Pietrain and Duroc) were collected before (0 hours) and during various periods of infection (3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours post infection (hpi)). RNA-Seq analysis revealed a total of 20,396 predicted porcine genes, which included breed-specific differentially expressed immune genes. Pietrain and Duroc infected lung DCs showed opposite gene expression courses during the first time points post infection. Duroc lung DCs reacted more strongly and distinctly than Pietrain lung DCs during these periods (3, 6, 9, 12 hpi). Additionally, cluster analysis revealed time-dependent co-expressed groups of genes that were involved in immune-relevant pathways. Key clusters and pathways were identified, which help to explain the biological and functional background of lung DCs post PRRSV infection and suggest IL-1β1 as an important candidate gene. RNA-Seq was also used to characterize the viral replication of PRRSV for each breed. PRRSV was able to infect and to replicate differently in lung DCs between the two mentioned breeds. These results could be useful in investigations on immunity traits in pig breeding and enhancing the health of pigs.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Type 1.3 Lena Triggers Conventional Dendritic Cells 1 Activation and T Helper 1 Immune Response Without Infecting Dendritic Cells

“…One running hypothesis is that the differences in pathogenicity of the PRRSV strains might be due to their differential abilities to infect or activate DCs, impacting the inflammatory response as well as the mounting of a protective adaptive immune response. Two studies tentatively tackled the lung DCs infection in vivo by PRRSV-1 and 2 respectively ( 17 , 18 ). However, none of them clearly defined nor distinguished DCs and macrophages, leading to results that cannot be clearly interpreted in terms of DCs/PRRSV interactions.…”

Cellular Innate Immunity against PRRSV and Swine Influenza Viruses

“…Inconsistent data regarding PRRSV infection of other DC subsets are noticeable when primary lung and tracheal DC are considered. In fact, a recent publication [66] using primary lung DC, which was generated with enzymatic treatment and with an unclear DC phenotype (Table 1), showed that PRRSV-1 Lelystad (LV) virus was able to infect lung DC more efficiently in Duroc than in the Pietrain breed. On the other side, starting with Loving et al in 2007 and finishing with recent results from both Resendiz et al and Bordet et al in 2018, it has been demonstrated that primary lung and tracheal DC are unable to support PRRSV-1 and 2 replication [48,60,67].…”

“…They identified key clusters and pathways as well as specific genes (SEC61β, SLA7) that play important roles in animal health. Finally, the up regulation of IL1β in Duroc could explain the better immune response of Duroc when compared to Pietrain [66].…”

Global Analysis of Alternative Splicing Difference in Peripheral Immune Organs between Tongcheng Pigs and Large White Pigs Artificially Infected with PRRSV In Vivo

“…Microarray data revealed critical differentially expressed genes in lung tissue between Dapulian (DPL) pigs and Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs after PRRSV infection resulting in different clinical outcomes [14]. Transcriptome analysis of lung dendritic cells (DCs) derived from Pietrain and Duroc revealed Duroc reacted more distinctly and strongly than Pietrain during various periods of PRRSV infection [15]. e transcriptome study of PAMs in Tongcheng (TC) pigs and Large White (LW) pigs showed that two breeds had different immune responses to PRRSV infection [16].…”