Transcriptome of the floral transition in Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’

Abstract

BackgroundThe floral transition plays a vital role in the life of ornamental plants. Despite progress in model plants, the molecular mechanisms of flowering regulation remain unknown in perennial plants. Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ is a unique plant that can flower continuously year-round. In this study, gene expression profiles associated with the flowering transition were comprehensively analyzed during floral transition in the rose.ResultsAccording to the transcriptomic profiles, 85,663 unigenes and 1,637 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which 32 unigenes were involved in the circadian clock, sugar metabolism, hormone, and autonomous pathways. A hypothetical model for the regulation of floral transition was proposed in which the candidate genes function synergistically the floral transition process. Hormone contents and biosynthesis and metabolism genes fluctuated during the rose floral transition process. Gibberellins (GAs) inhibited rose floral transition, the content of GAs gradually decreased and GA2ox and SCL13 were upregulated from vegetative (VM) meristem to floral meristem (FM). Auxin plays an affirmative part in mediating floral transition, auxin content and auxin-related gene expression levels were gradually upregulated during the floral transition of the rose. However, ABA content and ABA signal genes were gradually downregulated, suggesting that ABA passively regulates the rose floral transition by participating in sugar signaling. Furthermore, sugar content and sugar metabolism genes increased during floral transition in the rose, which may be a further florigenic signal that activates floral transition. Additionally, FRI, FY, DRM1, ELIP, COP1, CO, and COL16 are involved in the circadian clock and autonomous pathway, respectively, and they play a positively activating role in regulating floral transition. Overall, physiological changes associated with genes involved in the circadian clock or autonomous pathway collectively regulated the rose floral transition.ConclusionsOur results summarize a valuable collective of gene expression profiles characterizing the rose floral transition. The DEGs are candidates for functional analyses of genes affecting the floral transition in the rose, which is a precious resource that reveals the molecular mechanism of mediating floral transition in other perennial plants.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3584-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Comparative transcriptomics identifies patterns of selection in roses

“…This was much better than previously published data for these two species (Table 2 , Additional file 1 : Table S1, Additional file 2 : Table S2; Fig. 3 a) [ 18 , 20 , 26 , 27 ] and other species/materials in Rosa [ 19 , 21 , 22 , 28 ]. A further assembly with all available data for OB produced even better transcript N50 (2092 bp) and average length (1359 bp).…”

“… 46.46 61 M 887 Yan et al 2016 [ 20 ] OB na 85,663 na na. 70 M 814 Guo et al 2017 [ 26 ] OB c 208,039 111,954 1997 45.8 231M c 1111 Han et al 2017 [ 27 ] Core set 1 BT vs. OB; 90% identity na. 10,773 2282 na.…”

Integrating GWAS , linkage mapping and gene expression analyses reveals the genetic control of growth period traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

“…A GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the common DEGs between EV vs. ER and LV vs. LR were enriched for circadian rhythm -plant and salicylic acid biosynthetic process (Fig. S6b), indicating that circadian rhythm and salicylic acid play an important role in the B. napus oral transition, which was also reported in the Annona squamosa and Rosa chinensis [40,41]. We also observed signi cant enrichment for genes involved in the circadian rhythm between LR vs. ER, suggesting that the owering time difference between early-and late-owering lines was primarily due to the expression difference of circadian rhythm genes (Fig.…”

CONSTANS–FKBP12 interaction contributes to modulation of photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis

“…Most of the accumulated information on flowering time control involves changes at the transcriptional level (Guo et al ., ), but important post‐translational steps are also pivotal to this process (Swiezewski et al ., ; Posé et al ., ). CONSTANS protein is particularly sensitive to post‐translational modifications, with both phosphorylation (Sarid‐Krebs et al ., ) and ubiquitination (Valverde et al ., ) playing important roles in its stability.…”