Transcriptome data of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheat variety during grain development

Abstract

Wheat is a major food crop and an important component of human diet throughout the world. There are two major types of cultivated wheat; one is tetraploid durum (pasta) wheat and another one is hexaploid bread wheat. Wheat grain is the reservoir of two major dietary components – carbohydrate and protein, which get accumulated during seed maturation and directly affects yield and quality. Hexaploid, having 6 copies of each chromosome differs to a great extent from tetraploid having 4 copies of each chromosome. Studying the gene expression pattern in developing grain would help in understanding the difference in metabolic process as well as involvement of the genes in these two types of wheat. A transcriptional comparison of developing grains was carried out between the two wheat genotypes; tetraploid (AABB:PDW233) and hexaploid (AABBDD:PBW343) using RNA-seq. Approximately 194 million raw reads were obtained from both libraries. After removal of contaminations, a huge proportion (>99%), of high quality reads were obtained, were aligned to reference genome. A total of 2324 up-regulated and 522 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed between PDW233 vs PBW343. Gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis gave further information about differentially expressed genes between durum and bread wheat. This information will help in understanding process grain reserve in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in relation to their nutritional quality.

The AP2/ERF Gene Family in Triticum durum: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salinity Stresses

“…Regarding the results, most of the genes with a tendency to be expressed in specific tissues are members of the ERF and DREB subfamilies, which may reveal the important roles of these genes in the regulation of development and the integration of multiple organs and/or tissues [68,69]. The in silico transcription assay of the AP2/ERF gene family from durum wheat can provide new empirical transcriptome references for improving Triticeae agronomic properties [70] and insights into transcriptional programming during multiple situations.…”

“…In addition to ploidy level and genome size, various distributions of the AP2/ERF genes in durum wheat compared to the other cereal species may be determined by gene duplication events to establish certain biological roles, such as resistance to stimuli. The extensive variation predicted for TtAP2/ERF gene lengths and the physicochemical properties of these proteins may suggest that the durum wheat genome underwent a significant evolutionary change [70]. The majority of TtAP2s/ERFs are predicted to be nuclear proteins, suggesting their critical roles in transcriptional adjustment and signal transduction [71].…”

Combining QTL mapping and gene co-expression network analysis for prediction of candidate genes and molecular network related to yield in wheat

“…In wheat kernel development, the soft dough stage is generally about 21 days post anthesis (DPA). During this stage, the kernel size reaches its peak [ 32 ], and the transcript levels of genes encoding for storage proteins and defense proteins generally reach their maximum and tend to be maintained until the end of maturation [ 33 ]. Furthermore, many lipid peroxidation and metabolic enzymes closely related to seed vigor are most active during this stage [ 34 , 35 ].…”

“…Lipid peroxidation is a major causes of seed vigor decline [ 33 ]. A series of causal genes had been identified in rice, such as LOX2/LOX3 , ALDH7 and AKR , etc.…”

Strategies of Plant Biotechnology to Meet the Increasing Demand of Food and Nutrition in India

“…Research aspiring to attain varieties of wheat showing higher yield potential, improved nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic resistance have resulted in overall enhancement of wheat germplasm. The development of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat are well known examples of hybridization influencing the nutritional quality [14]. New sources of resistance to wheat stem rust in Aegilops spp.…”