Transcriptome analysis reveals an activation of major histocompatibility complex 1 and 2 pathways in chicken trachea immunized with infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine

Abstract

Infectious laryngotracheitis is an acute, contagious, upper respiratory disease of chickens caused by gallid herpes virus 1. Due to mortality rates that can reach up to 70% depending on the virulence of the virus, the disease is of great economic importance to the poultry industry. In this study, 15-d-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens were used to perform transcriptome analysis of chicken trachea immunized with infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine. Myosin and several collagen-related genes were downregulated in the immunized group, suggesting that normal function and structure may be compromised. In addition, we identified some cytokine receptors and several immune genes, such as Granzyme A (GZMA), CD4 molecule (CD4), CD8a molecule (CD8A), and CD8b molecule (CD8B), that were upregulated upon vaccination. The gene ontology analysis shows that genes included in the biological process cluster were related to antigen processing and presentation, positive regulation of immune system processes, T cell selection, and positive regulation of T cell activation. In conclusion, chicken embryo origin vaccine activation of the major histocompatibility complex 1 and 2 pathways provides insight for evaluation and design of infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines.

Cytokine gene transcription in the trachea, Harderian gland, and trigeminal ganglia of chickens inoculated with virulent infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) strain

“…Although not at the same upregulation level, clustered transcription patterns were observed for IL-2 and IFN-γ genes from 5 dpi to 9 dpi in the mucosal epithelium of the trachea. Luo et al (2014) found that in trachea tissues at late stage of ILTV infection (6 dpi), the transcription of genes related to T cell selection, as well as CD4+ and CD8+, was enhanced. In mammals, IL-2 is secreted by recently activated T cells to enhance their proliferation and facilitate their differentiation to memory T cells, also autocrine production of IL-2 facilitates the differentiation of CD8+ cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (Feau et al, 2011).…”

“…In order to begin the comprehension of the nature of the immune responses elicited by ILTV infection, general and specific host gene transcription patterns have been evaluated. A study revealed that transcription of major histocompatibility complex I and II antigen processing and presentation genes was significantly increased in the trachea of chickens immunized with a live attenuated vaccine (Luo et al, 2014). A second study found that early after challenge with a virulent ILTV strain transcription of the interferon γ (IFNγ) gene increased in the trachea of chickens immunized with a live attenuated vaccine but transcription of the IFNγ gene remained at a basal level in non-immunized but challenged chickens (Vagnozzi et al, 2016).…”

Accurate characterization of the IFITM locus using MiSeq and PacBio sequencing shows genetic variation in Galliformes

“…(NA: BWA did not detect any BAM alignment across the reference provided.) [17,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] analyzing sequencing data derived from PacBio RS II and Illumina MiSeq sequencing technologies. The only difference detected in our assembled locus sequence relative to the Gallus Gallus (v5) is a 5 bp insertion in the intronic region of chIFITM3.…”

Expression of perforin, granzyme A and Fas ligand mRNA in caecal tissues upon Eimeria tenella infection of naïve and immune chickens

“…Chickens only have two granzyme genes, granzyme A and K and their specific functions have not yet been studied in depth. Nonetheless, increased expression of granzyme A mRNA has been observed during immune responses to different virus infections of chickens , and in some of these cases, granzyme A expression also correlated in time with indications of CTL responses . For example, in a recent report , the mRNA expression of granzyme A, CD8α and several proinflammatory cytokines was monitored in the airways of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)‐infected chickens.…”