Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acari: Ixodidae)

Alarcón-Chaidez, Francisco J.; Sun, Jianxin; Wikel, Stephen K.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.10.002

Cited by 90 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Of the observed 35 SNPs within these transcripts, 97% were transition substitutions, which is in agreement with recent reports on the prevalence of transition polymorphisms in the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Alarcon-Chaidez et al 2007) and Anopheles funestus, a vector of malaria (Wondji et al 2007). Evaluation of SNPs within coding and non-coding regions may provide useful markers for tick population genetic studies, as has been accomplished in evaluating human populations (Seldin et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Multiple transcripts encode glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2010

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Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the production of NADPH. Here we describe the identification of four transcripts (G6PDH-A, -B, -C, and -D) that putatively encode the enzyme in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The genomic DNA that is spliced to produce G6PDH-A and -B is 8,600-9,000 bases in length and comprises 12 exons. Comparison of the R. microplus G6PDH gene structure with those available from insects and mammals revealed that the tick gene is most like that of humans. Detection of the four transcripts was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR using template from larvae, unfed adult females and males, salivary gland tissues from 2- to 3-day-fed adult females and males, and salivary gland tissue of 4- to 5-day-fed adult females. The G6PDH-A and -C transcripts were present in all templates, and both displayed induced expression in salivary gland tissue of fed, adult females but not matched males. The G6PDH-D transcript was detected only in unfed adults and in larvae, a stage in which it was most abundant relative to the other three transcripts. The G6PDH-B transcript, while detectable in all templates, was of low copy number suggesting it is a rare transcript. Induced expression of G6PDH-A and G6PDH-C in fed females may play a role in the tolerance of oxidative stress that is induced upon feeding, and the transcript abundance in fed females may be a function of bloodmeal volume and the time adult females spend on the host relative to adult males.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Multiple transcripts encode glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2010

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“…These include Amblyomma variegatum (Nene et al, 2002), Dermacentor andersoni (Alarcon-Chaidez et al, 2007), Haemaphysalis longicornis (Nakajima et al, 2005), I. pacificus (Francischetti et al, 2005), I. scapularis (Valenzuela et al, 2002b;Ribeiro et al, 2006), and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Nene et al, 2004). With the data obtained in the present study the question can be asked, as to how many salivary gland derived protein domains are conserved between hard and soft tick species?…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Sialome Protein Families In Differenmentioning

confidence: 71%

Comparative sialomics between hard and soft ticks: Implications for the evolution of blood-feeding behavior

Mans

Andersen

Francischetti

et al. 2008

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

147

168

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Ticks evolved various mechanisms to modulate their host's hemostatic and immune defenses. Differences in the anti-hemostatic repertoires suggest that hard and soft ticks evolved anti-hemostatic mechanisms independently, but raise questions on the conservation of salivary gland proteins in the ancestral tick lineage. To address this issue, the sialome (salivary gland secretory proteome) from the soft tick, Argas monolakensis, was determined by proteomic analysis and cDNA library construction of salivary glands from fed and unfed adult female ticks. The sialome is composed of approximately 130 secretory proteins of which the most abundant protein folds are the lipocalin, BTSP, BPTI and metalloprotease families which also comprise the most abundant proteins found in the salivary glands. Comparative analysis indicates that the major protein families are conserved in hard and soft ticks. Phylogenetic analysis shows, however, that most gene duplications are lineage specific, indicating that the protein families analyzed possibly evolved most of their functions after divergence of the two major tick families. In conclusion, the ancestral tick may have possessed a simple (few members for each family), but diverse (many different protein families) salivary gland protein domain repertoire.

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“…Salivary transcriptomes (sialotranscriptomes) of several hard tick species have been characterized to date (Alarcon-Chaidez et al, 2007;Francischetti et al, 2005;Lambson et al, 2005;Nene et al, 2004b;Ribeiro et al, 2006;Santos et al, 2004). These databases indicate a large expansion of genes coding for several protein families, including metalloproteases, cysteine-rich proteins similar to metalloprotease domains (the ixostatins and ixodegrins), lipocalins, Kunitz-domain containing proteins, RGD containing peptides, defensins, and many novel protein families that may include antimicrobial proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the sialome of the soft tick, Ornithodorus parkeri

Francischetti¹,

Mans²,

Meng

et al. 2008

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

103

104

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While hard ticks (Ixodidae) take several days to feed on their hosts, soft ticks (Argasidae) feed faster, usually taking less than one hour per meal. Saliva assists in the feeding process by providing a cocktail of anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory compounds. Saliva of hard ticks has been shown to contain several families of genes each having multiple members, while those of soft ticks are relatively unexplored.Analysis of the salivary transcriptome of the soft tick Ornithodorus parkeri, the vector of the relapsing fever agent Borrelia parkeri, indicates that gene duplication events have led to a large expansion of the lipocalin family, as well as of several genes containing Kunitz domains indicative of serine protease inhibitors, and several other gene families also found in hard ticks. Novel protein families with sequence homology to insulin growth factor-binding protein (prostacyclin-stimulating factor), adrenomedulin, serum amyloid A protein precursor and similar to HIV envelope protein were also characterized for the first time in the salivary gland of a blood-sucking arthropod.The sialotranscriptome of O. parkeri confirms that gene duplication events are an important driving force in the creation of salivary cocktails of blood-feeding arthropods, as was observed with hard ticks and mosquitoes. Most of the genes coding for expanded families are homologous to those found in hard ticks, indicating a strong common evolutionary path between the two families. As happens to all genera of blood-sucking arthropods, several new proteins were also found, indicating the process of adaptation to blood feeding still continues to recent times.

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Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acari: Ixodidae)

Cited by 90 publications

References 162 publications

Multiple transcripts encode glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Multiple transcripts encode glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Comparative sialomics between hard and soft ticks: Implications for the evolution of blood-feeding behavior

An insight into the sialome of the soft tick, Ornithodorus parkeri

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