Transcriptome Analysis of the Developmental Effects of Bisphenol F Exposure in Chinese Medaka (Oryzias sinensis)

Abstract

Bisphenol F (BPF) has been used in the syntheses of polymers, which are widely used in coatings, varnishes, adhesives, and other plastics. During the past decades, BPF contamination in the aquatic environment has dramatically increased due to its release from manmade products. Concerns have driven much attention to whether it may adversely impact aquatic lives or human beings. The present study performed an acute toxic exposure experiment and a 15 d developmental exposure of BPF at environmental concentrations (20, 200, and 2000 ng/L) using Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis). In the acute toxic exposure, the LC50 of BPF to Chinese medaka is 87.90 mg/L at 96 h. Developmental exposure induced a significant increase in the frequency of larvae with abnormalities in the 2000 ng/L BPF group compared to the control group. Transcriptomic analysis of the whole larvae revealed 565 up-regulated and 493 down-regulated genes in the 2000 ng/L BPF exposure group. Analysis of gene ontology and KEGG pathways enrichments indicated endocrine disorders to be associated with BPF-induced developmental toxicity. The present results suggest that BPF is developmentally toxic at 2000 ng/L concentration in Chinese medaka and causes endocrine-related aberrations in the transcriptional network of genes.

Effects of Acute and Developmental Exposure to Bisphenol S on Chinese Medaka (Oryzias sinensis)

“…The 96 h acute exposure showed that BPS was not lethal up to 1000 mg/L for Chinese medaka embryos. In a previous study, for a 96 h acute exposure, the LC50 of bisphenol F (BPF) was 87.90 mg/L for Chinese medaka embryos [ 48 ], suggesting that BPS is less toxic than BPF. In cell models, researchers found that the LC50 of BPS on fish primary macrophages was 39.1 mg/L and 29.7 mg/L after a 6 h or 12 h exposure, respectively [ 61 ].…”

“…The Chinese medaka were obtained from a local aquarium store and cultured in the laboratory as previously described [ 48 ]. All applicable institutional and/or national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.…”

“…The concentration of the DMSO in each group was controlled at 0.0001% ( v / v ), and a blank control group with water was included. As there is no significant difference and only one differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was found between the solvent and blank control groups in a parallel study [ 48 ], only the blank control group was used in the following analysis. Each treatment group had 6 replicates.…”

“…The libraries were prepared as previously described [ 48 ]. In brief, the total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

“…Previous studies have reported that the Chinese medaka’s toxicological responses to pollutants are similar to that of the Japanese medaka and zebrafish [ 46 , 47 ] but often produces intermediate responses between zebrafish and Japanese medaka [ 46 ]. In our previous study, the LC-96 of Chinese medaka embryos exposed to BPF was 87.90 mg/L, which is between those of zebrafish and Japanese medaka [ 48 ]. Therefore, the Chinese medaka is an excellent aquatic animal model to fill the gap between zebrafish and Japanese medaka.…”