Transcriptome Analysis of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cell Infected with Marek’s Disease Virus of GX0101 ∆ LTR

Li, X; Su, Shuai; Cui, Ning; Zhou, Huaijun; Liu, X; Cui, Zhizhong

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0329

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The exact viral titer could unfortunately not be quantified in this study, neither precisely compared to estimates of viral abundance used in similar infection studies: 100–1000 plaque-forming units (PFU) inoculated in vivo [30, 38] or multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 0.001 in CEF cultures [26]. IOther studies have, however, only detected later responses at the gene expression level (from 48 h) in CEFs upon GaHV-2 infection, though shorter incubation times were not employed in these studies [17, 32]. Therefore, a mismatch between the harvesting time points and the peak response may, at least partially, account for the lack of detectable differences between control and GaHV-2 infected cells regarding pro-inflammatory genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early antiviral responses, for example, are initiated with the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), by pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), that eventually trigger the synthesis of various cytokines [14]. For example, gallid herpesvirus-2 (GaHV-2) can interact with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and upregulate the release of interleukin (IL)-8, which is a major pro-inflammatory chemokine [16, 17]. TLR3 ligands induce the activation of NF-κB signalling using the MyD88-independent pathway [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PFOS mediates immunomodulation in an avian cell line that can be mitigated via a virus infection

2019

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Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals. Immunomodulation is among the most concerning of toxic effects linked with PFAS exposure in mammalian models. However, no studies had yet shown this to be true in birds. Thus, we designed and conducted the first study to determine if PFASs could cause immunomodulation in birds. Secondly, we wanted to determine the effects on an avian host when exposed not only to immunomodulating chemicals, but also to a viral challenge. The aim, to determine if PFAS mediated immunmodulation functionally affects a pathogen challenge for a host. As innate immune system signalling pathways initiate crucial responses against a pathogen challenge, and are lesser studied than their adaptive counterparts, we focused on these pathways. To provide the first information on this, an in vitro experiment was designed and performed using chicken embryo fibroblasts exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (22 ppm) and immune markers characterised before and after being infected with gallid herpesvirus-2 (GaHV-2). Results The expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells (NF-κB), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) were investigated in various scenarios. These results showed that exposure to PFOS decreased immune gene expression in chicken fibroblasts from 36 h post-exposure. Next, it was shown that this decrease could be mitigated by infection with gallid herpesvirus-2, which increased gene expression back to the baseline/control levels. Conclusions Not only is this the first study to provide the expected evidence that PFOS has immunomodulatory potential in birds, it also provides unexpected data that virus infections can mitigate this negative effect. Thereby, further research, including in vivo and in situ studies, on the impact of PFOS on host-virus interactions is now warranted, as it has been overlooked and might contribute to our understanding of recent disease outbreaks in wildlife. The mechanisms by which gallid herpesvirus mitigates immunomodulation were beyond the scope of this study, but are now of interest for future study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1953-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFOS mediates immunomodulation in an avian cell line that can be mitigated via a virus infection

2019

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“…The CPE in the current investigation, however, showed that CEF cells of both breeds began exhibiting CPE sooner than had been previously reported. According to Li et al, overexpression of IFITM3 inhibited the inflammatory response of PF15 cells and is crucial to the TLR4-NF-B signaling pathway, which is implicated in the inflammatory response [45]. In Kadaknath, chIFITM3 expression levels are consistently high (p < 0.01), with a log 2 fold ranged 10.08 to 11.68 in contrast to 1.00 to 3.46 in Aseel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Characterization of chIFITMs of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection

Malarmathi

Muthialu

Selvaraju

et al. 2023

Biology

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Newcastle disease (ND) is highly contagious and usually causes severe illness that affects Aves all over the world, including domestic poultry. Depending on the virus’s virulence, it can impact the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems and cause up to 100% mortality. The chIFITM genes are activated in response to viral infection. The current study was conducted to quantify the mRNA of chIFITM genes in vitro in response to ND viral infection. It also examined its ability to inhibit ND virus replication in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells of the Aseel and Kadaknath breeds. Results from the study showed that the expression of all chIFITM genes was significantly upregulated throughout the period in the infected CEF cells of both breeds compared to uninfected CEF cells. In CEF cells of the Kadaknath breed, elevated levels of expression of the chIFITM3 gene dramatically reduced ND viral growth, and the viral load was 60% lower than in CEF cells of the Aseel breed. The expression level of the chIFITMs in Kadaknath ranged from 2.39 to 11.68 log2 folds higher than that of control CEFs and was consistently (p < 0.01) higher than Aseel CEFs. Similar to this, theIFN-γ gene expresses strongly quickly and peaks at 13.9 log2 fold at 48 hpi. Based on these cellular experiments, the Kadaknath breed exhibits the potential for greater disease tolerance than Aseel. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of disease resistance mechanisms in chickens, further research involving in vivo investigations is crucial.

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In-Vitro Characterization of <em>chIFITMs</em> of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds Against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection

Malarmathi¹,

Muthialu²,

MANI³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and usually causes severe illness that affects Aves all over the world, including domestic poultry. Depending on the virus's virulence, it can impact the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems and causes up to 100% mortality. The chIFITM genes are activated in response to viral infection. The current study was conducted to quantify the mRNA of chIFITM genes in vitro in response to ND viral infection. It also examined its ability to inhibit ND virus replication in Chicken Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) cells of Aseel and Kadaknath breeds. Results from the study showed that the expression of all chIFITM genes was significantly upregulated throughout the period in the infected CEF cells of both breeds compared to uninfected CEF cells. In CEF cells of the Kadaknath breed, elevated levels of expression of the chIFITM3 gene dramatically reduced the ND viral growth and the viral load was 60% lower than in CEF cells of the Aseel breed. The expression level of the chIFITMs in Kadaknath ranged from 2.39 to 11.68 log2 folds higher than that of control CEFs, and was consistently (p<0.01) higher than Aseel CEFs. Similar to this, IFN-γ gene expresses strongly quickly and peaks at 13.9 log2 fold at 48 hpi. The result suggests that the Kadaknath chicken breed may have a higher level of disease tolerance compared to the Aseel chicken.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cell Infected with Marek’s Disease Virus of GX0101 ∆ LTR

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

PFOS mediates immunomodulation in an avian cell line that can be mitigated via a virus infection

PFOS mediates immunomodulation in an avian cell line that can be mitigated via a virus infection

In Vitro Characterization of chIFITMs of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection

In-Vitro Characterization of <em>chIFITMs</em> of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds Against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection

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