Transcriptome Analysis of a Subtropical Deciduous Tree: Autumn Leaf Senescence Gene Expression Profile of Formosan Gum

Abstract

Autumn leaf senescence is a spectacular natural phenomenon; however, the regulation networks controlling autumnal colors and the leaf senescence program remain largely unelucidated. Whether regulation of leaf senescence is similar in subtropical deciduous plants and temperate deciduous plants is also unknown. In this study, the gene expression of a subtropical deciduous tree, Formosan gum (Liquidambar formosana Hance), was profiled. The transcriptomes of April leaves (green leaves, 'G') and December leaves (red leaves, 'R') were investigated by next-generation gene sequencing. Out of 58,402 de novo assembled contigs, 32,637 were annotated as putative genes. Furthermore, the L. formosana-specific microarray designed based on total contigs was used to extend the observation period throughout the growing seasons of 2011-2013. Network analysis from the gene expression profile focused on the genes up-regulated when autumn leaf senescence occurred. LfWRKY70, LfWRKY75, LfWRKY65, LfNAC1, LfSPL14, LfNAC100 and LfMYB113 were shown to be key regulators of leaf senescnece, and the genes regulated by LfWRKY75, LfNAC1 and LfMYB113 are candidates to link chlorophyll degradation and anthocyanin biosynthesis to senescence. In summary, the gene expression profiles over the entire year of the developing leaf from subtropical deciduous trees were used for in silico analysis and the putative gene regulation in autumn coloration and leaf senescence is discussed in this study.

Spatiotemporal Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Bicolor Tepal Development in Lilium “Tiny Padhye”

“…Many previous studies have identified the TFs responsible for controlling Chl metabolism in leaves (Lim, 2003; Lin et al, 2015; Wen et al, 2015). Three TFs, ANAC046, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3, and ORE1, positively regulate Chl degradation by binding to the promoter regions of NYC, SGR1 , and PaO (Qiu et al, 2015; Oda-Yamamizo et al, 2016).…”

“…Several TF families, especially the NAC and WRKY families, have members that control Chl degradation in leaves (Lim, 2003; Wen et al, 2015). Here, we found 94 TFs belonging to these families in the Chl degradation co-expression network (Table 4; Table S10).…”

“…This pathway has three phases: Chl a synthesis, interconversion of Chl a and Chl b (Chl cycle), and Chl degradation (Eckhardt et al, 2004; Hörtensteiner, 2013). The molecular mechanisms of Chl metabolism in leaves and fruit have been largely unraveled (Lim, 2003; Lai et al, 2015; Wen et al, 2015). Ohmiya et al (2014) showed that low rates of Chl biosynthesis and high rates of Chl degradation led to the absence of Chls in non-green carnation petals.…”

Photosynthetic capacity of senescent leaves for a subtropical broadleaf deciduous tree species Liquidambar formosana Hance

“…9 , Liquidambar formosana from Wen et al . 42 , Quercus robur from Morecroft et al . 36 , Larix occidentalis from Rosenthal et al .…”

Yaprak Senesensi: Fizyolojik ve Moleküler Düzenlenmesine Bakış

“…Yaprak yaşamında olgunlaşmadan yıpranmaya kadar olan son safha yaprak senesensi olarak adlandırılır. Yaprak sararması, yaprak senesensinin görünür bir işaretidir ve yeşil pigment olan klorofilin yıkımı ile sonuçlanırken, fotosentezde de görev alan sarı-kırmızı pigmentler olan karotinoidler parçalanmazlar [9]. Bazı bitki türlerinde, antosiyaninler ve diğer pigmentlerin sentezi, senesens sürecine eşlik eder ve sonbahar yapraklarındaki çeşitli renklerin oluşumuna katkıda bulunurlar.…”