Transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to the bacteria-derived PAMPs harpin and lipopolysaccharide

Livaja, M.; Zeidler, Dana; Rad, Uta von; Durner, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2007.10.004

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…LPS or lipid A from some Gram-negative bacteria can induce various plant defense responses, such as an oxidative burst, NO generation, and up-regulation of pathogenesis-related genes (9,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). In some cases, pretreatment with LPS helps plant cells survive subsequent attack by phytopathogens, mainly by suppressing the hypersensitive response (26,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana resembling that of Escherichia coli

Guan²,

Liú³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The lipid A moiety of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide is a hexaacylated disaccharide of glucosamine that makes up the outer monolayer of the outer membrane. Arabidopsis thaliana contains nuclear genes encoding orthologs of key enzymes of bacterial lipid A biosynthesis, including LpxA, LpxC, LpxD, LpxB, LpxK and KdtA. Although structurally related lipid A molecules are found in most other Gram-negative bacteria, lipid A and its precursors have not been directly detected in plants previously. However, homozygous insertional knockout mutations or RNAi knock-down constructs of Arabidopsis lpx and kdtA mutants revealed accumulation (or disappearance) of the expected monosaccharide or disaccharide lipid A precursors by mass spectrometry of total lipids extracted from 10-day old seedlings of these mutants. In addition, fluorescence microscopy of lpx-gfp fusions in transgenic Arabidopsis plants suggests that the Lpx and KdtA proteins are expressed and targeted to mitochondria. Although the structure of the lipid A end product generated by plants is still unknown, our work demonstrates that plants synthesize lipid A precursors using the same enzymatic pathway present in E. coli.glucosamine-based lipids | Lpx genes | higher plants | electrospray ionization

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana resembling that of Escherichia coli

Guan²,

Liú³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Of all the amyloid fibers, type IIIdependent harpins in plant pathogenic bacteria are known to interact with plants to cause a hypersensitive response type of programmed cell death (Oh et al, 2007). Interestingly, a transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis plants treated with harpins revealed genes related to cell wall biogenesis, cellular communication, and signaling (Livaja et al, 2008). In addition, harpintreated Arabidopsis plants also showed down-regulation of important plant defense genes such as WRKY transcription factors and oxidative burst-associated genes like NADPH oxidases (Livaja et al, 2008).…”

Section: B Subtilis Suppresses Mti In Roots To Confer Beneficial Symmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, a transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis plants treated with harpins revealed genes related to cell wall biogenesis, cellular communication, and signaling (Livaja et al, 2008). In addition, harpintreated Arabidopsis plants also showed down-regulation of important plant defense genes such as WRKY transcription factors and oxidative burst-associated genes like NADPH oxidases (Livaja et al, 2008). B. subtilis has recently been shown to produce amyloid fibers that were important to regulate the structural integrity in B. subtilis biofilms (Romero et al, 2010).…”

Section: B Subtilis Suppresses Mti In Roots To Confer Beneficial Symmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns-Triggered Root Responses Mediate Beneficial Rhizobacterial Recruitment in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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This study demonstrated that foliar infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 induced malic acid (MA) transporter (ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 [ALMT1]) expression leading to increased MA titers in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). MA secretion in the rhizosphere increased beneficial rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis FB17 (hereafter FB17) titers causing an induced systemic resistance response in plants against P. syringae pv tomato DC3000. Having shown that a live pathogen could induce an intraplant signal from shoot-to-root to recruit FB17 belowground, we hypothesized that pathogen-derived microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) may relay a similar response specific to FB17 recruitment. The involvement of MAMPs in triggering plant innate immune response is well studied in the plant's response against foliar pathogens. In contrast, MAMPs-elicited plant responses on the roots and the belowground microbial community are not well understood. It is known that pathogen-derived MAMPs suppress the root immune responses, which may facilitate pathogenicity. Plants subjected to known MAMPs such as a flagellar peptide, flagellin22 (flg22), and a pathogen-derived phytotoxin, coronatine (COR), induced a shoot-to-root signal regulating ALMT1 for recruitment of FB17. Micrografts using either a COR-insensitive mutant (coi1) or a flagellin-insensitive mutant (fls2) as the scion and ALMT1 pro :b-glucuronidase as the rootstock revealed that both COR and flg22 are required for a graft transmissible signal to recruit FB17 belowground. The data suggest that MAMPs-induced signaling to regulate ALMT1 is salicylic acid and JASMONIC ACID RESISTANT1 (JAR1)/JASMONATE INSENSITIVE1 (JIN1)/MYC2 independent. Interestingly, a cell culture filtrate of FB17 suppressed flg22-induced MAMPsactivated root defense responses, which are similar to suppression of COR-mediated MAMPs-activated root defense, revealing a diffusible bacterial component that may regulate plant immune responses. Further analysis showed that the biofilm formation in B. subtilis negates suppression of MAMPs-activated defense responses in roots. Moreover, B. subtilis suppression of MAMPs-activated root defense does require JAR1/JIN1/MYC2. The ability of FB17 to block the MAMPselicited signaling pathways related to antibiosis reflects a strategy adapted by FB17 for efficient root colonization. These experiments demonstrate a remarkable strategy adapted by beneficial rhizobacteria to suppress a host defense response, which may facilitate rhizobacterial colonization and host-mutualistic association.

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“…It is interesting to note the time correlation between MPK3 activity and the expression of VRE-containing genes. MPK3 activity increases rapidly upon flg22 treatment and sharply declines after 30 min (25). Transcription factors that are directly activated by MPK3 are therefore likely to contribute to transient flg22-triggered changes in gene expression.…”

Section: Vre Defines a Dna-binding Motif In Promoters Of Stress Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MPK3 in the response to a diversity of stresses, e.g., treatment with the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, various pathogen-associated molecular patterns, wounding, and oxidative stress (18,(25)(26)(27). The 1,000-bp promoter region of Trxh8 harbors six VRE copies (Fig.…”

Section: Investigation Of Vre Regulation In Two Potential Vip1 Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

VIP1 response elements mediate mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-induced stress gene expression

Pitzschke

Djamei

Teige

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

159

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The plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens transforms plant cells by delivering its T-DNA into the plant cell nucleus where it integrates into the plant genome and causes tumor formation. A key role of VirE2-interacting protein 1 (VIP1) in the nuclear import of T-DNA during Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation has been unravelled and VIP1 was shown to undergo nuclear localization upon phosphorylation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK3. Here, we provide evidence that VIP1 encodes a functional bZIP transcription factor that stimulates stress-dependent gene expression by binding to VIP1 response elements (VREs), a DNA hexamer motif. VREs are overrepresented in promoters responding to activation of the MPK3 pathway such as Trxh8 and MYB44. Accordingly, plants overexpressing VIP1 accumulate high levels of Trxh8 and MYB44 transcripts, whereas stress-induced expression of these genes is impaired in mpk3 mutants. Trxh8 and MYB44 promoters are activated by VIP1 in a VRE-dependent manner. VIP1 strongly enhances expression from a synthetic promoter harboring multiple VRE copies and directly interacts with VREs in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays of the MYB44 promoter confirm that VIP1 binding to VREs is enhanced under conditions of MPK3 pathway stimulation. These results provide molecular insight into the cellular mechanism of target gene regulation by the MPK3 pathway.signal propagation ͉ transcription factor ͉ promoter motif ͉ bZIP ͉ Arabidopsis T he plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens transforms plant cells by delivering its transfer-DNA (T-DNA) into the plant cell nucleus, where it integrates into the plant genome. The subsequent growth of crown galls at the infection sites substantially interferes with plant development. There is ample experimental evidence demonstrating a key role of VIP1 (VirE2-interacting protein 1) in the nuclear import of T-DNA during Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation (1, 2). VIP1 exhibits a stress-dependent subcellular localization; and phosphorylation of VIP1 at serine 79 by the stress-activated MAPK MPK3 (3) triggers its translocation from cytoplasm to the nucleus (2). Analysis of the vip1-1 mutant line, which produces only a truncated VIP1 protein, has shown that the N-terminal portion of VIP1 is sufficient to bind to and target VirE2 to the nucleus to facilitate transient genetic transformation by Agrobacterium (4). However, this is insufficient for stable genetic transformation and Agrobacterium-induced tumorigenesis (4). Apart from agrobacterial transformation, no in planta function has yet been ascribed to VIP1 in Arabidopsis. Considering that the only purpose of a plant protein would not merely lie in assisting pathogen invasion, we aimed to investigate the in planta function of VIP1 and the functional relevance of its stress-dependent nuclear translocation.In this work, we focus on the molecular events immediately downstream of stress-activated VIP1. We report on the role of VIP1 as a transcriptional regulator of genes that are ta...

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Transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to the bacteria-derived PAMPs harpin and lipopolysaccharide

Cited by 55 publications

References 63 publications

Pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana resembling that of Escherichia coli

Pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana resembling that of Escherichia coli

Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns-Triggered Root Responses Mediate Beneficial Rhizobacterial Recruitment in Arabidopsis

VIP1 response elements mediate mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-induced stress gene expression

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