Transcriptional regulatory elements in fungal secondary metabolism

Yin, Wen‐Bing; Keller, Nancy P.

doi:10.1007/s12275-011-1009-1

Cited by 146 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Thus, it could be involved in light-induced conidiation and presumably also in sulfur regulation. Finally, one should mention that bZIP proteins are also crucial for regulation of secondary metabolism (455). In this respect, it is noteworthy that among Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: T Reesei T Atroviride and T Virens Have A Single Orf Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

159

195

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SUMMARYThe genusTrichodermacontains fungi with high relevance for humans, with applications in enzyme production for plant cell wall degradation and use in biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content of these species for “hot topic” research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, and development, along with a detailed analysis and annotation of less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism inT. reesei,T. atroviride, andT. virens, and we open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, we covered more than 2,000 of the predicted 9,000 to 11,000 genes of eachTrichodermaspecies discussed, which is >20% of the respective gene content. Additionally, we considered available transcriptome data for the annotated genes. Highlights of our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due to the different genomic contents and regulation of the respective genes. We found light regulation of many sulfur metabolic genes. Additionally, a new Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved inN-linked glycosylation was detected, as were indications for the ability ofTrichodermaspp. to generate hybrid galactose-containingN-linked glycans. The genomic inventory of effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique toTrichoderma, and these warrant further investigation. We found interesting expansions in theTrichodermagenus in several signaling pathways, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, and casein kinases. A particularly interesting feature absolutely unique toT. atrovirideis the duplication of the alternative sulfur amino acid synthesis pathway.

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Section: T Reesei T Atroviride and T Virens Have A Single Orf Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

159

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fungal secondary metabolites are of significant biotechnological and biopharmaceutical interest because they include antibiotics and other molecules/drugs relevant to human health (2). The biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites often involves large gene clusters with obscure regulatory networks and cryptic induction parameters (1,3). Indeed, significant effort has been expended in determining the appropriate conditions for the production of many fungal secondary metabolites, and, equally importantly, the biological functions of many of these compounds remain unknown (4)(5)(6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory cascade and biological activity of Beauveria bassiana oosporein that limits bacterial growth after host death

Fan

Liu

Keyhani

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

119

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The regulatory network and biological functions of the fungal secondary metabolite oosporein have remained obscure. Beauveria bassiana has evolved the ability to parasitize insects and outcompete microbial challengers for assimilation of host nutrients. A novel zinc finger transcription factor, BbSmr1 (B. bassiana secondary metabolite regulator 1), was identified in a screen for oosporein overproduction. Deletion of Bbsmr1 resulted in up-regulation of the oosporein biosynthetic gene cluster (OpS genes) and constitutive oosporein production. Oosporein production was abolished in double mutants of Bbsmr1 and a second transcription factor, OpS3, within the oosporein gene cluster (ΔBbsmr1ΔOpS3), indicating that BbSmr1 acts as a negative regulator of OpS3 expression. Real-time quantitative PCR and a GFP promoter fusion construct of OpS1, the oosporein polyketide synthase, indicated that OpS1 is expressed mainly in insect cadavers at 24-48 h after death. Bacterial colony analysis in B. bassiana-infected insect hosts revealed increasing counts until host death, with a dramatic decrease (∼90%) after death that correlated with oosporein production. In vitro studies verified the inhibitory activity of oosporein against bacteria derived from insect cadavers. These results suggest that oosporein acts as an antimicrobial compound to limit microbial competition on B. bassiana-killed hosts, allowing the fungus to maximally use host nutrients to grow and sporulate on infected cadavers.Beauveria bassiana | oosporein | biological role | transcription factor | fungal-bacterial competition

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“…In an effort to manipulate the expression of these gene clusters and to understand the mechanisms that underlie their regulation and the spatial and temporal distribution of the generated molecules, complex regulatory processes have been discovered (1,2). In about one-half of the gene clusters, pathway-specific transcription factor-encoding genes are located within or directly adjacent to the biosynthesis gene clusters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They govern the expression of one or more gene clusters (3)(4)(5). In addition, globally acting transcription factors, often observed as being involved in the regulation of central metabolic processes, have been shown to control the expression of gene clusters (1,2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Amino Acids of Histone H3 Control Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

Nützmann

Fischer

Scherlach

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cChromatin remodelling events play an important role in the secondary metabolism of filamentous fungi. Previously, we showed that a bacterium, Streptomyces rapamycinicus, is able to reprogram the histone-modifying Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase/ADA (SAGA/ADA) complex of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Consequently, the histone H3 amino acids lysine 9 and lysine 14 at distinct secondary metabolism genes were specifically acetylated during the bacterial fungal interaction, which, furthermore, was associated with the activation of the otherwise silent orsellinic acid gene cluster. To investigate the importance of the histone modifications for distinct gene expression profiles in fungal secondary metabolism, we exchanged several amino acids of histone H3 of A. nidulans. These amino acids included lysine residues 9, 14, 18, and 23 as well as serine 10 and threonine 11. Lysine residues were replaced by arginine or glutamine residues, and serine/threonine residues were replaced by alanine. All generated mutant strains were viable, allowing direct analysis of the consequences of missing posttranslational histone modifications. In the mutant strains, major changes in the expression patterns at both the transcriptional and metabolite levels of the penicillin, sterigmatocystin, and orsellinic acid biosynthesis gene clusters were detected. These effects were due mainly to the substitution of the acetylatable lysine 14 of histone H3 and were enhanced in a lysine 14/lysine 9 double mutant of histone H3. Taken together, our findings show a causal linkage between the acetylation of lysine residue 14 of histone H3 and the transcription and product formation of secondary metabolite gene clusters.

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Transcriptional regulatory elements in fungal secondary metabolism

Cited by 146 publications

References 150 publications

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Regulatory cascade and biological activity of Beauveria bassiana oosporein that limits bacterial growth after host death

Distinct Amino Acids of Histone H3 Control Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

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