Transcriptional regulation of milk lipid synthesis by exogenous C16:0 and C18 fatty acids in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of removing one fatty acid from a combination of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) on milk lipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. The incubation concentration of LCFA was determined, and 100 μmol L−1 of C16:0, 5 μmol L−1 of C18:0, 100 μmol L−1 of cis-9 C18:1, 25 μmol L−1 of n-6 C18:2, and 1.2 μmol L−1 of n-3 C18:3 were used in the study. Treatments were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 combinations as control; control absent of C16:0 as A-C16:0; control absent of C18:0 as A-C18:0; control absent of C18:1 as A-C18:1; control absent of C18:2 as A-C18:2; control absent of C18:3 as A-C18:3. Results showed that compared with control, fatty acid synthetase expression was reduced by A-C18:0 and A-C18:1. Palmitic acid decreased expression of lipoprotein lipase. Compared with control, the expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 and cluster of differentiation 36 was reduced by all treatments. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression was down-regulated by A-C16:0, A-C18:0, A-C18:1, and A-C18:2. Sterol regulatory element binding factor-1 was decreased when treated with A-C18:0, A-C18:1, and A-C18:2. Cells lack of 18-carbon fatty acid synthesized lower amount of intracellular triglyceride compared with control.

Sütçü ineklerde toplam süt yağı üzerine etkisi olan yağ asitleri ve bazı fenotipik karakterlerin çoklu doğrusal regresyon ile belirlenmesi

“…In a study, similar to our study, it was emphasized that the relationships between milk fat and C14:0, C18:0 and C18:1 ω9 fatty acids were at a significant level, and that the C18:3 ω3 level should be evaluated (22). While medium-chain fatty acids are synthesized de novo in the mammary gland, fatty acids longer than C16:0 pass into milk through the circulatory system (23,24). The statistical significance of medium-chain fatty acids in our study suggested that it may be related to the activity in mammary epithelial cells.…”

Comparative evaluation of major milk quality parameters of Holstein and Simmental cows at different lactation stages under similar environmental conditions

“…Moreover, fatty acids longer than C16:0 come into the milk from the bloodstream and originate from the ration (55). It has been thought that the main reason for the difference in C16:0 as well as short and medium-chain fatty acids may be related to the activity of mammary epithelial cells in the related breeds (16). Although it has been reported that fatty acids longer than C16:0 are associated with the diet, C17:1, C18:1 and C18:2, C20:0, C22:6 n3 were observed to be different between breeds.…”

Effect of different exogenous fatty acids on the cytosolic triacylglycerol content in bovine mammary cells

“…The design of the current study allowed analysis of cytosolic and media FA profiles which has not been reported previously. There are cell culture studies that have examined the effect of FA on transcriptional regulation ( Dan et al., 2018 ) and FA profile of cytosolic TG ( Jacobs et al., 2013 ). Other studies have focused on different aspects of mammary physiology such as enzymatic activity and gene expression ( Peterson et al., 2004 , Yonezawa et al., 2004a , Yonezawa et al., 2004b , Keating et al., 2008 , Sorensen et al., 2008 ).…”