Transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis

Zhong, Ruiqin; Ye, Zheng‐Hua

doi:10.4161/psb.4.11.9875

Cited by 220 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The Arabidopsis MYB genes reported previously (20), the two Arabidopsis F5H genes listed at http://cellwall.genomics.purdue.edu/families/1-3.html, and the previosuly reported Arabidopsis NAC genes (12,19,20) were identified in the phylogenies, and the subclades containing these marker genes were taken out and displayed using the Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) Web server (42).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our large phylogeny (Fig. 6C), 13 MYB proteins related to secondary cell wall biosynthesis (12,19,20) are located in two major clades each consisting of four subclades. One of the major clades contains the N-terminal Myb_DNA-binding domain, whereas the other contains the C-terminal Myb_DNA-binding domain.…”

Section: Snd1 Directly Activates Expression Of F5h By Binding To Its mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6B), those related to secondary cell wall synthesis (12,19,20) form one clade, except for SND2 and SND3. Medicago NST1 is orthologous to Arabidopsis NST1, -2, and -3 (SND1) in this clade (Fig.…”

Section: Snd1 Directly Activates Expression Of F5h By Binding To Its mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syringyl lignin biosynthesis is directly regulated by a secondary cell wall master switch

Zhao

Wang

Yin

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls and is derived from p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) monolignols. Among higher plants, S lignin is generally considered to be restricted to angiosperms, which contain the S lignin-specific cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase, ferulic acid/coniferaldehyde/coniferyl alcohol 5-hydoxylase (F5H). The transcription factor MYB58 directly regulates expression of monolignol pathway genes except for F5H. Here we show that F5H expression is directly regulated by the secondary cell wall master switch NST1/SND1, which is known to regulate expression of MYB58. Deletion of NST1 expression in Medicago truncatula leads to a loss of S lignin associated with a more than 25-fold reduction of F5H expression but only around a 2-fold reduction in expression of other lignin pathway genes. A detailed phylogenetic analysis showed that gymnosperms lack both F5H and orthologs of NST1/SND1. We propose that both F5H and NST1 appeared at a similar time after the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, with F5H possibly originating as a component of a defense mechanism that was recruited to cell wall biosynthesis through the evolution of NST1-binding elements in its promoter.ferulate 5-hydroxylase | NAC transcription factor | pathway evolution L ignin is an aromatic heteropolymer derived primarily from the hydroxycinnamyl alcohols p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol, which give rise to p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) subunits, respectively (1). Lignin is one of the three main components of plant secondary cell walls and plays important roles in vascular plant growth by contributing to structural rigidity, facilitating water transport, and providing a defensive barrier against pathogens.Lignin monomer composition varies among plant species. Although S lignin has arisen more than once during evolution (2), it does not appear to exist in the majority of gymnosperms or in ferns, whereas angiosperms deposit S units in lignin polymers in secondary cell walls. A cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent monooxygenase, ferulic acid/coniferaldehyde/coniferyl alcohol 5-hydoxylase (F5H, CYP84A1) is specifically required for S lignin biosynthesis (3, 4) and diverts G monolignol intermediates into the S lignin branch pathway.The Arabidopsis lignin-specific transcription factor MYB58 can directly activate most lignin biosynthesis genes except F5H (5). This activation is through binding to AC elements, which are present in most of the promoters of lignin biosynthetic genes (6-9), although no AC element has been detected in the F5H gene (9). Two NAC transcription factors, NST1 and SND1 (NST3), act together as key regulators of the entire secondary cell wall biosynthesis program in Arabidopsis (10, 11) and activate a cascade of downstream transcription factors, which in turn activates the biosynthetic pathways for the individual secondary cell wall components cellulose, xylan, and lignin (12). MYB46 is a direct target of SND1 in Arabidopsis. Although downstream ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Snd1 Directly Activates Expression Of F5h By Binding To Its mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Syringyl lignin biosynthesis is directly regulated by a secondary cell wall master switch

Zhao

Wang

Yin

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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“…Lignin biosynthesis is highly coordinated by transcription factors (reviewed by Zhong and Ye 2009;Zhao and Dixon 2011). Most of the monolignol biosynthesis genes, except F5H, are regulated by transcription factors MYB58/ 63/85 through AC elements or more degenerate AC elements (Zhou et al 2009;Zhao et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and physical fine mapping of the novel brown midrib gene bm6 in maize (Zea mays L.) to a 180 kb region on chromosome 2

et al. 2012

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Brown midrib mutants in maize are known to be associated with reduced lignin content and increased cell wall digestibility, which leads to better forage quality and higher efficiency of cellulosic biomass conversion into ethanol. Four well known brown midrib (bm) mutants, named bm1-4, were identified several decades ago. Additional recessive brown midrib mutants have been identified by allelism tests and designated as bm5 and bm6. In this study, we determined that bm6 increases cell wall digestibility and decreases plant height. bm6 was confirmed onto the short arm of chromosome 2 by a small mapping set with 181 plants from a F 2 segregating population, derived from crossing B73 and a bm6 mutant line. Subsequently, 960 brown midrib individuals were selected from the same but larger F 2 population for genetic and physical mapping. With newly developed markers in the target region, the bm6 gene was assigned to a 180 kb interval flanked by markers SSR_308337 and SSR_488638. In this region, ten gene models are predicted in the maize B73 sequence. Analysis of these ten genes as well as genes in the syntenic rice region revealed that four of them are promising candidate genes for bm6. Our study will facilitate isolation of the underlying gene of bm6 and advance our understanding of brown midrib gene functions.

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“…The sequence contains a putative TATA-box (TATATTA) at position -22/-28 relative to the TSS and putative CAAT-boxes at -256/-260, and -277/-281 which are generally consistent with the characteristics of eukaryotic promoters. An ACelement (TCACCAACC) identified at position -328/-336 is required for lignin biosynthesic gene expression in lignifying tissue (Zhong and Ye 2009) and was found in all lignin biosynthetic gene promoters of Arabidopsis (Raes et al 2003). G-boxes, also considered to be consensus elements involved in xylem localized expression (Hatton et al 1995) were located at two positions -174/-183 and -238/-247 of the Euc4CL1 promoter.…”

Section: Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence Analysis Of The Eumentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of the 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL1) promoter from Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Hue

Hải

et al. 2016

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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The most important enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL), is encoded by several homologous genes including 4CL1. The 4CL1 promoter is a tissue-specific gene expression element, particularly active in the secondary xylem or older stems. In this study, the 1127 bp 5 0 -upstream region of the 4CL1 coding sequence from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Euc4CL1, was isolated and characterized. Essential putative cis-elements in the Euc4CL1 promoter included: a TATA-box at -22/-28 position, two CCAAT-boxes at -256/-260 and -277/-281 positions, respectively, an AC-element at -328/-336 and A-boxes at -115/-120 and -990/-995 positions. To investigate the effect of the Euc4CL1 promoter on gene expression, a plant transformation vector, pEuc4CL1p, containing the reporter gene for b-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of Euc4CL1 promoter was constructed based on the pBI101 backbone and introduced in tobacco plants. Stable expression of the GUS gene in transgenic lines was analysed by a histochemical GUS assay. The results indicated the specific expression of the GUS gene in the stem xylem cells of transgenic tobacco lines was controlled by the Euc4CL1 promoter. The observations suggest the isolated Euc4CL1 promoter is a potential candidate for driving the expression of a foreign gene in plant xylem tissues.

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Transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis

Cited by 220 publications

References 56 publications

Syringyl lignin biosynthesis is directly regulated by a secondary cell wall master switch

Syringyl lignin biosynthesis is directly regulated by a secondary cell wall master switch

Genetic and physical fine mapping of the novel brown midrib gene bm6 in maize (Zea mays L.) to a 180 kb region on chromosome 2

Isolation and characterization of the 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL1) promoter from Eucalyptus camaldulensis

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