Transcriptional Regulation of Auxin Metabolism and Ethylene Biosynthesis Activation During Apple (Malus × domestica) Fruit Maturation

Shin, Sungbong; Lee, Jinwook; Rudell, Dave; Evans, Kate; Zhu, Yanmin

doi:10.1007/s00344-015-9568-8

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These CGs were shown to be differentially expressed in roots and leaves of the ARD-sensitive apple rootstock M26 grown in untreated ARD soil and disinfected ARD soil. Further CGs were chosen based on the literature with a focus on the following functional categories: flavonoid biosynthesis, oxidation-reduction processes, jasmonic acid-mediated signaling and responses to wounding, defense, and auxin metabolism (Dal Cin et al, 2009;Milcevicova et al, 2010;Devoghalaere et al, 2012;Dugé De Bernonville et al, 2012;Shin et al, 2014;Qian et al, 2016;Shin et al, 2016a). CG expression was compared between four apple genotypes with different genetic background and different susceptibility/ tolerance towards ARD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Malus Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease

et al. 2020

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Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease, which is of particular importance for fruit tree nurseries and fruit growers. The disease manifests by a poor vegetative development, stunted growth, and reduced yield in terms of quantity and quality, if apple plants (usually rootstocks) are replanted several times at the same site. Genotypespecific differences in the reaction of apple plants to ARD are documented, but less is known about the genetic mechanisms behind this symptomatology. Recent transcriptome analyses resulted in a number of candidate genes possibly involved in the plant response. In the present study, the expression of 108 selected candidate genes was investigated in root and leaf tissue of four different apple genotypes grown in untreated ARD soil and ARD soil disinfected by g-irradiation originating from two different sites in Germany. Thirty-nine out of the 108 candidate genes were differentially expressed in roots by taking a p-value of < 0.05 and a fold change of > 1.5 as cutoff. Sixteen genes were more than 4.5-fold upregulated in roots of plants grown in ARD soil. The four genes MNL2 (putative mannosidase); ALF5 (multi antimicrobial extrusion protein); UGT73B4 (uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase 73B4), and ECHI (chitinbinding) were significantly upregulated in roots. These genes seem to be related to the host plant response to ARD, although they have never been described in this context before. Six of the highly upregulated genes belong to the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway. Their genotype-specific gene expression pattern was consistent with the phytoalexin content measured in roots. The biphenyl synthase (BIS) genes were found to be useful as early biomarkers for ARD, because their expression pattern correlated well with the phenotypic reaction of the Malus genotypes investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Malus Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease

et al. 2020

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“…These two hormones have been previously shown to act both synergistically and antagonistically in several physiological processes (Muday et al ., ). ARF transcription factors and AUX/IAA are two classes of regulators triggering the expression of auxin‐responsive genes (Lokerse and Weijers, ; Leyser, ), and because auxin is more involved in early fruit developmental processes, the time of ripening correlates with a decrease in its concentration and action (Schaffer et al ., ; Shin et al ., ). As reported in tomato, although the expression of auxin‐responsive genes was strongly reduced during the ripening process in wild‐type plants, an induction was observed in the Nr mutant deficient in ethylene perception (Osorio et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The entire life cycle of a plant is governed by hormonal interplay, and whereas auxin is needed for fruit growth, ethylene controls and coordinates the onset of the fruit‐ripening phase. In apple, the reduction of auxin and its homeostasis can activate the expression of ethylene biosynthetic‐related genes (Shin et al ., ). Fruit with impaired and deficient ethylene production de‐repress a series of developmentally regulated genes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interference with ethylene perception at receptor level sheds light on auxin and transcriptional circuits associated with the climacteric ripening of apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

et al. 2016

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Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a model species for studying the metabolic changes that occur at the onset of ripening in fruit crops, and the physiological mechanisms that are governed by the hormone ethylene. In this study, to dissect the climacteric interplay in apple, a multidisciplinary approach was employed. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression together with the investigation of several physiological entities (texture, volatilome and content of polyphenolic compounds) was performed throughout fruit development and ripening. The transcriptomic profiling was conducted with two microarray platforms: a dedicated custom array (iRIPE) and a whole genome array specifically enriched with ripening-related genes for apple (WGAA). The transcriptomic and phenotypic changes following the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene inhibitor leading to important modifications in overall fruit physiology, were also highlighted. The integrative comparative network analysis showed both negative and positive correlations between ripening-related transcripts and the accumulation of specific metabolites or texture components. The ripening distortion caused by the inhibition of ethylene perception, in addition to affecting the ethylene pathway, stimulated the de-repression of auxin-related genes, transcription factors and photosynthetic genes. Overall, the comprehensive repertoire of results obtained here advances the elucidation of the multi-layered climacteric mechanism of fruit ripening, thus suggesting a possible transcriptional circuit governed by hormones and transcription factors.

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“…Our recent results, together with those of other Authors, 22,23,24,25 shed light on the possible ethylene/auxin cross-talk in rosaceae species triggered by the interference at the receptor level (depicted in Fig. 2).…”

Section: Model Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climacteric ripening of apple fruit is regulated by transcriptional circuits stimulated by cross-talks between ethylene and auxin

Busatto

Tadiello

Trainotti

et al. 2016

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Apple is a fleshy fruit distinguished by a climacteric type of ripening, since most of the relevant physiological changes are triggered and governed by the action of ethylene. After its production, this hormone is perceived by a series of receptors to regulate, through a signaling cascade, downstream ethylene related genes. The possibility to control the effect of ethylene opened new horizons to the improvement of the postharvest fruit quality. To this end, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene antagonist, is routinely used to modulate the ripening progression increasing storage life. In a recent work published in The Plant Journal, the whole transcriptome variation throughout fruit development and ripening, with the adjunct comparison between normal and impaired postharvest ripening, has been illustrated. In particular, besides the expected downregulation of ethylene-regulated genes, we shed light on a regulatory circuit leading to de-repressing the expression of a specific set of genes following 1-MCP treatment, such as AUX/IAA, NAC and MADS. These findings suggested the existence of a possible ethylene/auxin cross-talk in apple, regulated by a transcriptional circuit stimulated by the interference at the ethylene receptor level.

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Transcriptional Regulation of Auxin Metabolism and Ethylene Biosynthesis Activation During Apple (Malus × domestica) Fruit Maturation

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Malus Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease

Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Malus Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease

Interference with ethylene perception at receptor level sheds light on auxin and transcriptional circuits associated with the climacteric ripening of apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Climacteric ripening of apple fruit is regulated by transcriptional circuits stimulated by cross-talks between ethylene and auxin

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