Transcriptional profiling of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) provides insights into the role of the Haller's organ in spatial DEET recognition

Koloski, Cody W; Cassone, Bryan J.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101827

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Based on the pair-wise analysis, our results revealed that subsets p-v shared comparable functional patterns, particularly for lysozyme activity. The development of fecundity and immunity in the tick species Haemaphysalis longicornis and Ornithodoros moubata have been linked to the antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme’s critical role in dissolving bacterial cell walls ( Grunclová et al., 2003 ; Koloski and Cassone, 2022 ). This defense against bacterial pathogens is facilitated by lysozyme, which has been suggested to have an impact on these ticks’ development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative analysis highlights molecular and immune responses of tick Amblyomma americanum to Escherichia coli challenge

Lyu,

Li,

Niemeyer

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Ticks are ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens capable of causing life-threatening illnesses in people and animals, making them a severe public health threat. Understanding how ticks respond to bacterial infection is crucial for deciphering their immune defense mechanisms and identifying potential targets for controlling tick-borne diseases. In this study, an in-depth transcriptome analysis was used to investigate the molecular and immune responses of Amblyomma americanum to infection caused by the microinjection of Escherichia coli. With an abundance of differentially expressed genes discovered at different times, the analysis demonstrated significant changes in gene expression profiles in response to E. coli challenge. Notably, we found alterations in crucial immune markers, including the antimicrobial peptides defensin and microplusin, suggesting they may play an essential role in the innate immune response. Furthermore, KEGG analysis showed that following E. coli exposure, a number of key enzymes, including lysosomal alpha-glucosidase, fibroblast growth factor, legumain, apoptotic protease-activating factor, etc., were altered, impacting the activity of the lysosome, mitogen-activated protein kinase, antigen processing and presentation, bacterial invasion, apoptosis, and the Toll and immune deficiency pathways. In addition to the transcriptome analysis, we constructed protein interaction networks to elucidate the molecular interactions underlying the tick’s response to E. coli challenge. Hub genes were identified, and their functional enrichment provided insights into the regulation of cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptotic processes, and kinase activity that may occur in infected cells. Collectively, the findings shed light on the potential immune responses in A. americanum that control E. coli infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative analysis highlights molecular and immune responses of tick Amblyomma americanum to Escherichia coli challenge

Lyu,

Li,

Niemeyer

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs): Several Haller’s organ-specific transcripts of ODEs, such as cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase, have been reported from D. variabilis [ 16 ], but not from that of I. scapularis [ 52 ]. Cytochrome P450 have been reported to be involved in the metabolism of odor ligands in insects [ 71 ], and to be inhibited by the common tick-repellent N, N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in D. variabilis [ 72 ]. ODEs should be considered in future studies of tick control strategies, according to Carr et al [ 16 ].…”

Section: Miscellaneous: Poorly Evident Molecules Expressed In Haller’...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge on Chemosensory-Related Candidate Molecules Potentially Involved in Tick Olfaction via Haller’s Organ

Gebremedhin

Kuang

et al. 2023

Insects

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Ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites and vectors of many animal and human pathogens. Chemosensation plays a significant role in tick communication with their environment, including seeking out blood meal hosts. Studies on the structure and function of Haller’s organ and its components have improved our understanding regarding tick olfaction and its chemical ecology. Compared with the knowledge on insect olfaction, less is known about the molecular basis of olfaction in ticks. This review focused on the chemosensory-related candidate molecules likely involved in tick olfaction. Members of the ionotropic receptor family and a new class of odorant-binding proteins are now known to be involved in tick olfaction, which appear to differ from that of insects. These candidate molecules are more closely related to those of mites and spiders than to other arthropods. The amino acid sequences of candidate niemann–pick type C2 and microplusin-like proteins in ticks exhibit features indicating their potential role as binding proteins. In the future, more comprehensive pertinent research considering the existing shortcomings will be required to fully understand the molecular basis of tick olfactory chemoreception. This information may contribute to the development of new molecular-based control mechanisms to reduce tick populations and related disease transmission.

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“…Inhibition of AChE activity has been reported for many different essential oils [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In addition, DEET is reported to reduce expression of AChE in the tick, Dermacentor variabilis [ 52 , 53 ], which can be easily being confused with AChE inhibition. Our search of the available literature failed to locate reports of tests of IR3535 for inhibition of AChE in sand flies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Essential Oils and Saturated Fatty Acids for Repellency against the Old-World Sand Fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Temeyer,

Schlechte,

Coats

et al. 2024

Insects

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The sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), is a major vector for Leishmania major in the Middle East, which has impacted human health and US military operations in the area, demonstrating the need to develop effective sand fly control and repellent options. Here, we report the results of spatial repellency and avoidance experiments in a static air olfactometer using the female P. papatasi testing essential oils of Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Pimenta dioica (allspice), Amyris balsamifera (amyris), Nepeta cataria (catnip), Mentha piperita (peppermint), and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree); the 9–12 carbon saturated fatty acids (nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid); and the synthetic repellents DEET and IR3535. The materials applied at 1% exhibited varying activity levels but were not significantly different in mean repellency and avoidance from DEET and IR3535, except in regards to nonanoic acid. Some materials, particularly nonanoic and undecanoic acids, produced sand fly mortality. The observed trends in mean repellency over exposure time included the following: (1) P. dioica oil, M. alternifolia oil, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, DEET, and IR3535 exhibited increasing mean repellency over time; (2) oils of N. cataria, A. balsamifera, M. piperita, and dodecanoic acid exhibited relatively constant mean repellency over time; and (3) L. graveolens oil and nonanoic acid exhibited a general decrease in mean repellent activity over time. These studies identified the essential oils of N. cataria and A. balsamifera as effective spatial repellents at reduced concentrations compared to those of DEET. Additional research is required to elucidate the modes of action and potential synergism of repellents and essential oil components for enhanced repellency activity.

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Transcriptional profiling of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) provides insights into the role of the Haller's organ in spatial DEET recognition

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Integrative analysis highlights molecular and immune responses of tick Amblyomma americanum to Escherichia coli challenge

Integrative analysis highlights molecular and immune responses of tick Amblyomma americanum to Escherichia coli challenge

Current Knowledge on Chemosensory-Related Candidate Molecules Potentially Involved in Tick Olfaction via Haller’s Organ

In Vitro Evaluation of Essential Oils and Saturated Fatty Acids for Repellency against the Old-World Sand Fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae)

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