Transcriptional Mapping: Functional Organization of the Ribosomal and Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Cistrons in the
            <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
            Genome

Bleyman, Michael; Kondo, Masatoshi; Hecht, Norman B.; Woese, Carl R.

doi:10.1128/jb.99.2.535-543.1969

Cited by 41 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Spacer tRNA genes are found in only a few rRNA gene sets. Of the 10 rRNA gene sets known to occur in B. subtilis, 2 have been shown to have spacer tRNA genes between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. In both cases, these sequences code for isoleucine and alanine tRNAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mapping of tRNA and rRNA Gene Clusters One unusual aspect of tRNA gene organization in B. subtilis was already recognized in the 1960s: the tRNA genes are highly clustered. Transcriptional mapping studies to elucidate the functional organization of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and tRNA genes in B. subtilis indicated that tRNA genes would be clustered in groups in large transcriptional units (2). Density transfer experiments also suggested that the majority of both tRNA and rRNA genes were located in two regions of the chromosome, one near the origin of replication and a second near the terminus (38,47).…”

Section: Organization Of Trna Gene Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and organization of genes for transfer ribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis.

Vold¹

1985

Microbiological Reviews

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organization Of Trna Gene Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and organization of genes for transfer ribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis.

Vold¹

1985

Microbiological Reviews

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“…Differential effect of Act D on RNA synthesis. There is now evidence which suggests that Act D inhibits the transcription of large RNA species to a greater extent than that of smaller RNA species (4,32). This effect was explained on the basis of a differential probability of Act D molecules binding to any given cistron.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a number of reports that Act D selectively inhibits the larger RNA species to a greater extent than smaller RNA species (4,32). Perry and Kelley (32) have calculated that not all the Act D bound to DNA effectively inhibited RNA synthesis and that probably only 1 Act D per 101 nucleotides was effective.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis During Germination of Myxococcus xanthus Myxospores

Juengst

Dworkin

1973

J Bacteriol

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein synthesis during myxospore germination were examined. When RNA synthesis was inhibited more than 90% by either actinomycin D (Act D) or rifampin, germination was prevented. The data were consistent with the interpretation that rifampin did not interfere with protein synthesis in any way other than by inhibition of messenger RNA formation. Act D concentrations as high as 20 ug/ml did not totally inhibit RNA synthesis. In the presence of 8 ,ug of Act D/ml, germinating myxospores synthesized transfer RNA, 16S RNA, and 23S RNA. Evidence was presented which indicated that messenger RNA was also synthesized early in the germination period both in the presence and absence of 8 ,g of Act D/ml. One explanation for the escape synthesis of RNA in germinating myxospores is that Act D exerts a differential effect on the transcription of larger versus smaller cistrons, the latter having a lower probability of binding Act D. We have found that in the presence of 8 Mg of Act D/ml, escape RNA synthesis in myxospores was 25% for 23S RNA, 55% for 16S RNA, and more than 90% for 4S RNA. We have shown that germination of myxospores requires both RNA and protein synthesis during the first 25 to 35 min in germination medium. This finding does not support the earlier suggestion by Ramsey and Dworkin that a stable germination messenger RNA is required for germination of the myxospores of Myxococcus xanthus. ' Present address:

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“…In B. subtilis, tRNAs are encoded in multiple polycistronic operons with ribosomal proteins [84]. The mRNA is then processed into the final tRNAs.…”

Section: Regulation Of Trna Levels and Trna Charging In Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel signaling mechanisms regulating biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis

Greenwich¹

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Associate Professor of Biology would not be where I am today without all of you. To the LONG squad (past and present) -thank you for letting a scientist be a history nerd and play lawn games all these years. It means the world to me. To the many friends I made along the way-thank you for the love and support you have given me over the years. Dan-thanks for starting so many conversations we'll never finish, giving me an excuse to leave the lab, and of course, introducing me to my favorite brothers that I am not related to. I never would have gotten through grad school without them. To John and Hank Green, for never forgetting to be awesome and giving me an escape from grad school. To Hank, thank you for helping me identify what my passions are and being an inspirational science communicator.Finally, and most importantly, thank you to my family. Your unconditional love and support has brought me to where I am and I could not have done it without you. This degree belongs as much to you as it does to me, if not more so. Mom-you never let me give up, and I don't tell you often enough how much I appreciate that. Aunt Marge-thank you for everything you've done to support me all of these years. Joe-thanks for keeping me humble and reminding me to be normal. Sorry I'll never remember. Abstract of DissertationBacteria are capable of forming multicellular communities, known as biofilms. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod shaped, soil-dwelling bacterium often used as a model organism to study biofilm formation. Both extracellular and intracellular signals can trigger biofilm formation through a signaling cascade, which turns on genes involved in production of the biofilm matrix. In B. subtilis, the matrix consists of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) component and two protein components, which are regulated on a genetic level by two master regulators, SinR and AbrB.Biosynthesis of the EPS is also regulated at the post-translational level, by a bacterial tyrosine kinase (BY-kinase), EpsB, which is encoded within the same operon as the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of EPS. EpsB is activated by EpsA, which senses EPS in a quorum-sensing-like manner. We show genetic evidence for EpsB activation by TkmA, a modulator of a different BYkinase can activate EpsB. This cross-talk allows B. subtilis to increase the signals to which it can respond.Intracellularly, serine starvation triggers biofilm formation. We elucidate the mechanism by which this occurs and investigate the regulation of serine biosynthesis. Expression of serA, which encodes SerA, the enzyme responsible for the first and rate-limiting step of serine biosynthesis decreases upon entry into stationary phase and is regulated by catabolite control. This regulation allows cells to trigger biofilm formation based on available nutrients as well as external stimuli.Accompanying this decrease in serine is a decrease in seryl-tRNA isoacceptors, responsible for adding serine to growing peptide chains in the ribosome. It was previously observed that ribosomes pause on specif...

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Transcriptional Mapping: Functional Organization of the Ribosomal and Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Cistrons in the Bacillus subtilis Genome

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Structure and organization of genes for transfer ribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis.

Structure and organization of genes for transfer ribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis.

Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis During Germination of Myxococcus xanthus Myxospores

Novel signaling mechanisms regulating biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis

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