Transcriptional Changes of Plant Defense-Related Genes in Response to Clavibacter Infection in Pepper and Tomato

Hwang, In-Sul; Oh, Eom-Ji; Oh, Chang‐Sik

doi:10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2020.0124

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Cm infection caused differential gene expression including defense and stress responsive genes in tomato ( Balaji et al, 2008 ; Lara-Ávila et al, 2012 ; Hwang et al, 2020 ; Basim et al, 2021 ). Expression profiles of nine candidate genes harboring putative functional mutations were investigated by qRT-PCR to better understand if their expression is associated to Cm resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For inoculation, seeds were germinated in Petri-dish (90 mm) and transferred to 50 cell-trays. One-month-old tomato seedlings (5–6 leaf stage) were inoculated with the leaf clipping method ( Hwang et al, 2020 ), and disease symptom was evaluated at 5 weeks post-inoculation. Sterilized scissors were infected by dipping in bacterial suspension and four leaflets of each plant were cut diagonally with the infected scissors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QTL-Seq Analysis for Identification of Resistance Loci to Bacterial Canker in Tomato

Abebe

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis (Cm) is one of the most economically important vascular diseases causing unilateral leaf wilting, stem canker, a bird’s-eye lesion on fruit, and whole plant wilting in tomato. There is no commercially available cultivar with bacterial canker resistance, and genomics-assisted breeding can accelerate the development of cultivars with enhanced resistance. Solanum lycopersicum “Hawaii 7998” was found to show bacterial canker resistance. A Quantitative trait loci (QTL)-seq was performed to identify the resistance loci using 909 F2 individuals derived from a cross between S. lycopersicum “E6203” (susceptible) and “Hawaii 7998,” and a genomic region (37.24–41.15 Mb) associated with bacterial canker resistance on chromosome 6 (Rcm6) was found. To dissect the Rcm6 region, 12 markers were developed and several markers were associated with the resistance phenotypes. Among the markers, the Rcm6-9 genotype completely matched with the phenotype in the 47 cultivars. To further validate the Rcm6 as a resistance locus and the Rcm6-9 efficiency, subsequent analysis using F2 and F3 progenies was conducted. The progeny individuals with homozygous resistance allele at the Rcm6-9 showed significantly lower disease severity than those possessing homozygous susceptibility alleles. Genomes of five susceptible and two resistant cultivars were analyzed and previously known R-genes were selected to find candidate genes for Rcm6. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat, receptor-like kinase, and receptor-like protein were identified to have putative functional mutations and show differential expression upon the Cm infection. The DNA markers and candidate genes will facilitate marker-assisted breeding and provide genetic insight of bacterial canker resistance in tomato.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL-Seq Analysis for Identification of Resistance Loci to Bacterial Canker in Tomato

Abebe

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1), is a multi-gene family of secreted proteins with an unclear function that has been broadly reported to be upregulated during defense responses [45] , [46] . Similarly, PR2's and PR3's are families of β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases, respectively, broadly reported to be involved in the degradation of the pathogen cell wall or cuticle components and to experience an increment in their expression levels upon treatment with jasmonate, ethylene and/or pathogen challenge (see, for instance, [47] , [48] ) (for cross-reference, the PR1 , PR2 and PR3 genes analyzed hereby correspond to Solyc09g007010.1, Solyc01g008620.2 and Solyc10g055810.2, respectively). RCR3 is a papain-like cysteine protease responding to pathogen infection [41] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Lysobacter enzymogenes B25, a potential biological control agent of plant-parasitic nematodes, and its mode of action

Martínez-Servat¹,

Pinyol-Escala²,

Daura-Pich³

et al. 2023

AIMSMICRO

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<abstract> It is certainly difficult to estimate productivity losses due to the action of phytopathogenic nematodes but it might be about 12 % of world agricultural production. Although there are numerous tools to reduce the effect of these nematodes, there is growing concern about their environmental impact. <italic>Lysobacter enzymogenes</italic> B25 is an effective biological control agent against plant-parasitic nematodes, showing control over root-knot nematodes (RKN) such as <italic>Meloidogyne incognita</italic> and <italic>Meloidogyne javanica</italic>. In this paper, the efficacy of B25 to control RKN infestation in tomato plants (<italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic> cv. <italic>Durinta</italic>) is described. The bacterium was applied 4 times at an average of concentration around 108 CFU/mL showing an efficacy of 50–95 % depending on the population and the pressure of the pathogen. Furthermore, the control activity of B25 was comparable to that of the reference chemical used. <italic>L. enzymogenes</italic> B25 is hereby characterized, and its mode of action studied, focusing on different mechanisms that include motility, the production of lytic enzymes and secondary metabolites and the induction of plant defenses. The presence of <italic>M. incognita</italic> increased the twitching motility of B25. In addition, cell-free supernatants obtained after growing B25, in both poor and rich media, showed efficacy in inhibiting RKN egg hatching <italic>in vitro</italic>. This nematicidal activity was sensitive to high temperatures, suggesting that it is mainly due to extracellular lytic enzymes. The secondary metabolites heat-stable antifungal factor and alteramide A/B were identified in the culture filtrate and their contribution to the nematicidal activity of B25 is discussed. This study points out <italic>L. enzymogenes</italic> B25 as a promising biocontrol microorganism against nematode infestation of plants and a good candidate to develop a sustainable nematicidal product. </abstract>

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“…For the leaf-clipping method, the bacterial inoculum was prepared and adjusted to a concentration of 2 × 10 8 CFU/mL (OD 600 = 0.4). Sterilized scissors were dipped into this inoculum, and then half of the leaves were cut using scissors (Hwang et al, 2020b). Three leaves located in different directions of each plant and at least five plants were used for each treatment.…”

Section: Virulence Assay In Tomato Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analyses of Clavibacter michiganensis Type Strain LMG7333T Reveal Distinct Gene Contents in Plasmids From Other Clavibacter Species

Hwang

Park

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Clavibacter michiganensis, a Gram-positive, plant-pathogenic bacterium belonging to Actinobacteria, is a causal agent of bacterial canker in tomatoes. Although LMG7333T is the type strain of C. michiganensis, it has not been used in many studies, probably because of a lack of the complete genome sequence being available. Therefore, in this study, the complete genome sequence of this type strain was obtained, and comparative genome analysis was conducted with the genome sequences of two other C. michiganensis strains and type strains of Clavibacter species, of which their complete genome sequences are available. C. michiganensis LMG7333T carries one chromosome and two plasmids, pCM1 and pCM2, like two other C. michiganensis strains. All three chromosomal DNA sequences were almost identical. However, the DNA sequences of two plasmids of LMG7333T are similar to those of UF1, but different from those of NCPPB382, indicating that both plasmids carry distinct gene content among C. michiganensis strains. Moreover, 216 protein-coding sequences (CDSs) were only present in the LMG7333T genome compared with type strains of other Clavibacter species. Among these 216 CDSs, approximately 83% were in the chromosome, whereas others were in both plasmids (more than 6% in pCM1 and 11% in pCM2). However, the ratio of unique CDSs of the total CDSs in both plasmids were approximately 38% in pCM1 and 30% in pCM2, indicating that the high gene content percentage in both plasmids of C. michiganensis are different from those of other Clavibacter species, and plasmid DNAs might be derived from different origins. A virulence assay with C. michiganensis LMG7333T using three different inoculation methods, root-dipping, leaf-clipping, and stem injection, resulted in typical disease symptoms, including wilting and canker in tomato. Altogether, our results indicate that two plasmids of C. michiganensis carry distinct gene content, and the genome information of the type strain LMG7333T will help to understand the genetic diversity of the two plasmids of Clavibacter species, including C. michiganensis.

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Transcriptional Changes of Plant Defense-Related Genes in Response to Clavibacter Infection in Pepper and Tomato

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

QTL-Seq Analysis for Identification of Resistance Loci to Bacterial Canker in Tomato

QTL-Seq Analysis for Identification of Resistance Loci to Bacterial Canker in Tomato

Characterization of <i>Lysobacter enzymogenes</i> B25, a potential biological control agent of plant-parasitic nematodes, and its mode of action

Comparative Genome Analyses of Clavibacter michiganensis Type Strain LMG7333T Reveal Distinct Gene Contents in Plasmids From Other Clavibacter Species

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