Transcription termination of RNA polymerase I due to a T-rich element interacting with Reb1p.

Lang, Walter H.; Reeder, Ronald H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9781

Cited by 52 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…How does the Reb1 TTD terminate transcription? Our data suggest an active mechanism promoted by physical interactions between Reb1 TTD and RNA pol I rather than a passive roadblock imposed by the tight binding of Reb1 to Ter DNA sites (7,47,48). To determine which subunit(s) of RNA pol I interacted with Reb1, we took advantage of the S. pombe genetic database (www.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional architecture of the Reb1-Ter complex of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Jaiswal

Choudhury

Zaman

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Reb1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe represents a family of multifunctional proteins that bind to specific terminator sites (Ter) and cause polar termination of transcription catalyzed by RNA polymerase I (pol I) and arrest of replication forks approaching the Ter sites from the opposite direction. However, it remains to be investigated whether the same mechanism causes arrest of both DNA transactions. Here, we present the structure of Reb1 as a complex with a Ter site at a resolution of 2.7 Å. Structure-guided molecular genetic analyses revealed that it has distinct and well-defined DNA binding and transcription termination (TTD) domains. The region of the protein involved in replication termination is distinct from the TTD. Mechanistically, the data support the conclusion that transcription termination is not caused by just high affinity Reb1-Ter protein-DNA interactions. Rather, protein-protein interactions between the TTD with the Rpa12 subunit of RNA pol I seem to be an integral part of the mechanism. This conclusion is further supported by the observation that double mutations in TTD that abolished its interaction with Rpa12 also greatly reduced transcription termination thereby revealing a conduit for functional communications between RNA pol I and the terminator protein.crystal structure | RNA polymerase I | transcription termination | protein-DNA interaction | replication termination E ukaryotic rDNAs are found as multiple tandem copies encoding pre-rRNA and upstream and downstream regulatory elements (1-3) including DNA sequences (Ter) that promote site-specific termination of transcription catalyzed by RNA polymerase I (pol I) from yeast to humans (4-14). Specialized transcription terminator proteins bind to Ter sites and not only arrest transcription by RNA polymerase I (pol I) in a polar mode but also replication forks approaching from the opposite direction. Several studies have suggested that pol I transcription termination is a multistep process that requires (i) pausing of chain elongation by the terminator protein and (ii) dissociation and release of pol I and the primary transcript from the template. In mice, dissociation of pol I and release of the transcript require the release factor PTRF, a 44-kDa protein that interacts with the largest subunit of pol I (15). In yeast, additional factors for the processing of the end include the endonuclease Rnt1, the 5′-3′ Rat1 exonuclease, Sen1 helicase, and the kinase Grc3. They are part of an alternate pathway for termination by transcriptional coprocessing (4,(16)(17)(18)(19). In addition, in vivo analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown a requirement for Rpa12, a component of pol I necessary for transcription termination (20). Whether the polar arrest of transcription is caused by an interaction between Rpa12 with the terminator protein is unknown.The terminator proteins that mediate transcription termination have been identified in multiple organisms and include Reb1 and Nsi1 [also called yeast transcription terminator (Ytt1)] of S. cerevisiae (...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional architecture of the Reb1-Ter complex of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Jaiswal

Choudhury

Zaman

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This sequence is composed of a stretch of Ts. The weakness of the resulting AÁU heteroduplex might destabilize RNAPI pausing at the Reb1/TTF-Imediated pause site (Kuhn and Grummt 1989;Lang and Reeder 1995). Consequently, rRNA precursors terminated at T1 are formed ;12-20 bp upstream of the Reb1-binding site and within the T stretch, 93 nt downstream from the mature 39-end of 25S RNA (Lang et al 1994;Jeong et al 1995).…”

Section: Rnapi Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three major termination sites have been identified in the IGS sequence of yeast rDNA. Ninety percent of yeast RNAPI terminates at the first terminator (T1), situated upstream of a pause-inducing factor-binding site that is recognized in vitro by Reb1 (Ju et al 1990;Lang and Reeder 1995). In mammals, the major terminator, called the Sal box (Grummt et al 1985;Kuhn et al 1988), is recognized by TTF-I (transcription termination factor for polI) , and like the Reb1-binding site, it must be correctly oriented to cause termination (Grummt et al 1985;Lang and Reeder 1993).…”

Section: Rnapi Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another sequence element situated upstream of the Reb1-binding site in yeast and the Sal box in mammals, which is necessary for termination, acts as a transcript release element (Lang et al 1994;Jeong et al 1995;Lang and Reeder 1995). This sequence is composed of a stretch of Ts.…”

Section: Rnapi Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNAPIII terminates transcription at T-rich sequences located a short distance from the mature RNA 39-end and seems to involve at most a limited number of auxiliary factors (Cozzarelli et al 1983). RNAPI terminates at a major terminator located downstream from the rRNA precursor sequence and requires terminator recognition by specific protein factors (Kuhn and Grummt 1989;Lang and Reeder 1995). Recent studies, though, suggest that additional complexities are involved (El Hage et al 2008;Kawauchi et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transcription termination by nuclear RNA polymerases

Richard

Manley²

2009

Genes Dev.

289

326

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Gene transcription in the cell nucleus is a complex and highly regulated process. Transcription in eukaryotes requires three distinct RNA polymerases, each of which employs its own mechanisms for initiation, elongation, and termination. Termination mechanisms vary considerably, ranging from relatively simple to exceptionally complex. In this review, we describe the present state of knowledge on how each of the three RNA polymerases terminates and how mechanisms are conserved, or vary, from yeast to human.

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Evolution of Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

Drouin

Robert

2010

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerases are responsible for the transcription of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into RNA. The number of protein subunits making up these enzymes has increased during evolution from 5 in Eubacteria to 12 in the common ancestor of Archaea and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes have three RNA polymerases , each transcribing a particular subset of genes. RNA polymerase I transcribes ribosomal RNA genes, RNA polymerase II transcribes messenger RNA genes and RNA polymerase III transcribes 5S and transfer RNA genes. Although RNA polymerase II is still made up of 12 subunits, the number of subunits has increased to 14 in RNA polymerase I and to 17 in RNA polymerase III . These new subunits originated from the permanent recruitment of pre‐existing general transcription factors. Interestingly, the evolution of the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases has been affected not only by adaptive forces but also by the nonadaptive forces due to the concerted evolution of the genes they transcribe. Key Concepts: The larger numbers of protein subunits found in RNA polymerases I and III, relative to RNA polymerase II, are due to the permanent recruitment of general transcription factors. The three universal eukaryotic RNA polymerases have specific functional differences near their respective active sites. During evolution, the three eukaryotic RNA polymerase have been selected to better perform their specific tasks. The rate of evolution of RNA polymerases is proportional to the amount of homogenisation (concerted evolution) experienced by the genes they transcribe. Nonadaptive processes therefore also affect the rate of evolution of RNA polymerase genes.

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Transcription termination of RNA polymerase I due to a T-rich element interacting with Reb1p.

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Functional architecture of the Reb1-Ter complex of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Functional architecture of the Reb1-Ter complex of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Transcription termination by nuclear RNA polymerases

Evolution of Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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