Transcription factor expression is induced by axonal stimulation and glutamate in the glia of the developing optic nerve

Mack, Kenneth J.; Kriegler, Steven; Chang, Shu-Ying; Chiu, Shing Yan

doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)90213-5

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1994). Repetitive axonal stimulation in neonatal rat optic nerve also increased c-fos, c-jun, and NGFZ-A nuclear immunoreactivity in astrocytes in situ (Mack et al. 1994).…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of Glutamate Receptors In Glia: Present mentioning

confidence: 81%

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Excitatory amino acid receptors in glia: Different subtypes for distinct functions?

Gallo

Russell

1995

J of Neuroscience Research

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It is now well established that expression of voltage- and ligand-gated ionic channels, as well as G protein-coupled receptors, is not a property unique to neurons, but is also shared by macroglial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). These glial cells can receive a variety of signals from neurons at different stages of their development. Activation of membrane receptors may affect glial cell activity, proliferation, maturation, and survival through a complex cascade of intracellular events leading to long-term changes in glial cell phenotype and functional organization. Here we review the experimental evidence for glutamate receptor expression in glial cells in culture and in situ, and the molecular and functional properties of these receptors. We also describe some experimental models that identify possible functions of glutamate receptors in glia. Now that the existence of glutamate receptors in glia has been unambiguously demonstrated, future research will have to 1) determine which receptor subtypes are expressed in macroglial cells in vivo; 2) analyze, in adequate experimental models, the short- and long-term changes produced by glutamate receptor activation in glia; and 3) establish whether these receptors play a role in neuron-glia communication in the brain.

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“…1994). Repetitive axonal stimulation in neonatal rat optic nerve also increased c-fos, c-jun, and NGFZ-A nuclear immunoreactivity in astrocytes in situ (Mack et al. 1994).…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of Glutamate Receptors In Glia: Present mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…1994). This effect was reproduced by treating the nerves with glutamate and was Ca2+-dependent (Mack et al. 1994).…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of Glutamate Receptors In Glia: Present mentioning

confidence: 93%

Excitatory amino acid receptors in glia: Different subtypes for distinct functions?

Gallo

Russell

1995

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…This regulation by the proteasome corresponds to previous studies, which showed that EGR‐1 can regulate the proteasome and vice versa (70–72). Furthermore, various studies suggest a relation between increased EGR‐1 expression and increased GFAP expression (73, 74) and a role in astrogliosis (75). However, it needs to be emphasized that the promoter sequences contain many putative binding sites for a large number of transcription factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediate filament transcription in astrocytes is repressed by proteasome inhibition

et al. 2009

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Increased expression of the astrocytic intermediate filament protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a characteristic of astrogliosis. This process occurs in the brain during aging and neurodegeneration and coincides with impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Inhibition of the proteasome impairs protein degradation; therefore, we hypothesized that the increase in GFAP may be the result of impaired proteasomal activity in astrocytes. We investigated the effect of proteasome inhibitors on GFAP expression and other intermediate filament proteins in human astrocytoma cells and in a rat brain model for astrogliosis. Extensive quantitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis resulted unexpectedly in a strong decrease of GFAP mRNA to <4% of control levels [Control (DMSO) 100+/-19.2%; proteasome inhibitor (epoxomicin) 3.5+/-1.3%, n=8; P < or = 0.001] and a loss of GFAP protein in astrocytes in vitro. We show that the proteasome alters GFAP promoter activity, possibly mediated by transcription factors as demonstrated by a GFAP promoter-luciferase assay and RT(2) Profiler PCR array for human transcription factors. Most important, we demonstrate that proteasome inhibitors also reduce GFAP and vimentin expression in a rat model for induced astrogliosis in vivo. Therefore, proteasome inhibitors could serve as a potential therapy to modulate astrogliosis associated with CNS injuries and disease.

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“…In addition, immediate early gene (e.g. c-fos, c-jun, jun-B) expression can be modulated by the activation of AMPAR and KAR, which therefore could trigger long-term changes in cellular function (Mack et al 1994;Mc Naughton and Hunt 1992). Glutamate and kainate have been shown to induce the reorganization of the astrocytic membrane and hence, under physiological conditions where glutamate is synaptically released, have been proposed to play a role in active synapse detection and stabilization (Cornell-Bell et al 1990;von Blankenfeld and Kettenmann 1991).…”

Section: Glioblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitters as early signals for central nervous system development

et al. 2001

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During brain ontogenesis, the temporal and spatial generation of the different types of neuronal and glial cells from precursors occurs as a sequence of successive progenitor stages whose proliferation, survival and cell-fate choice are controlled by environmental and cellular regulatory molecules. Neurotransmitters belong to the chemical microenvironment of neural cells, even at the earliest stages of brain development. It is now established that specific neurotransmitter receptors are present on progenitor cells of the developing central nervous system and could play, during neural development, a role that has remained unsuspected until recently. The present review focuses on the occurrence of neurotransmitters and their corresponding ligand-gated ion channel receptors in immature cells, including neural stem cells of specific embryonic and neonatal brain regions. We summarize in vitro and in vivo data arguing that neurotransmitters could regulate morphogenetic events such as proliferation, growth, migration, differentiation and survival of neural precursor cells. The understanding of neurotransmitter function during early neural maturation could lead to the development of pharmacological tools aimed at improving adult brain repair strategies.

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Transcription factor expression is induced by axonal stimulation and glutamate in the glia of the developing optic nerve

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Excitatory amino acid receptors in glia: Different subtypes for distinct functions?

Excitatory amino acid receptors in glia: Different subtypes for distinct functions?

Intermediate filament transcription in astrocytes is repressed by proteasome inhibition

Neurotransmitters as early signals for central nervous system development

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