Transcription Factor AP-2 Is an Essential and Direct Regulator of Epidermal Development in Xenopus

Luo, Ting; Matsuo-Takasaki, Mami; Thomas, Megan; Weeks, Daniel L.; Sargent, Thomas D.

doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0621

Cited by 99 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We show that cKer14 expression generally overlapped with cAP2γ ( Figure 4) and that AP2γ was sufficient and necessary for the expression of epidermal markers in the future epidermis (Figures 2 and 5). cKer14 may be one of the earliest markers for primarily committed epidermal progenitors in chick ectodermal patterning and AP2γ might act upstream of cKer14 to initiate epidermal differentiation in face ectoderm [34,52,69]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AP2γ regulates neural and epidermal development downstream of the BMP pathway at early stages of ectodermal patterning

et al. 2012

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Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibits neural specification and induces epidermal differentiation during ectodermal patterning. However, the mechanism of this process is not well understood. Here we show that AP2γ, a transcription factor activator protein (AP)-2 family member, is upregulated by BMP4 during neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Knockdown of AP2γ facilitates mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) neural fate determination and impairs epidermal differentiation, whereas AP2γ overexpression inhibits neural conversion and promotes epidermal commitment. In the early chick embryo, AP2γ is expressed in the entire epiblast before HH stage 3 and gradually shifts to the putative epidermal ectoderm during HH stage 4. In the future neural plate AP2γ inhibits excessive neural expansion and it also promotes epidermal development in the surface ectoderm. Moreover, AP2γ knockdown in ESCs and chick embryos partially rescued the neural inhibition and epidermal induction effects of BMP4. Mechanistic studies showed that BMP4 directly regulates AP2γ expression through Smad1 binding to the AP2γ promoter. Taken together, we propose that during the early stages of ectodermal patterning in the chick embryo, AP2γ acts downstream of the BMP pathway to restrict precocious neural expansion in the prospective neural plate and initiates epidermal differentiation in the future epidermal ectoderm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AP2γ regulates neural and epidermal development downstream of the BMP pathway at early stages of ectodermal patterning

et al. 2012

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“…The promoter regions of keratin 14 were targets of AP2 (Leask et al, 1991;Sinha et al, 2000), AP-1, Ets (Sinha et al, 2000), CACCC-Box binding protein, SP1 (Sinha and Fuchs, 2001), and Skn-1a (Sugihara et al, 2001). AP-1 and AP2 were also involved as the transcription factors in the early epidermal development of Xenopus (Luo et al, 2002;Peng et al, 2002). There have been studies on the relationship of the expression of 63-kDa keratin gene with that of AP2 and Sp1 during metamorphosis (French et al, 1994;Miller, 1995, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphosis‐dependent transcriptional regulation of xak‐c, a novel Xenopus type I keratin gene

Watanabe

Tanaka

Kobayashi

et al. 2002

Developmental Dynamics

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Anuran larvae transform their epidermis to the adult counterpart during metamorphosis. The major event of this process is the proliferation of larval epidermal basal cells and their differentiation into adult ones. The present study isolated novel type I keratin cDNA dubbed xak-c (Xenopus adult keratin-c) that was exclusively expressed in adult epidermal basal cells. The gene started its expression in the larval epidermis at the onset of metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone (TH) induced the precocious expression of the gene in the epidermis of premetamorphic tadpoles. To study the transcriptional regulation of this gene in relation to epidermal metamorphosis, a 2.8 kb 5 -flanking region of xak-c was cloned and its promoter activity was investigated. Gene constructs were made so as to contain the xak-c promoter region and gene of EGFP or luciferase as a reporter gene and were transfected into various types of cells, which revealed that the 5 -flanking region had an epidermal cellspecific transcriptional activity in both anurans and mammals. Larval skin tissues of Xenopus were transfected with the constructs and cultured in the presence and absence of TH, which showed that the promoter region is responsive to TH, although the region did not contain the consensus TH response element-like sequence. In sharp contrast, the promoter region did not respond to TH in the adult skin, clearly indicating that the cloned region contains specific sequences that respond to metamorphosis-dependent transcription factor(s).

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“…30 In blastula and early gastrula stage Xenopus embryos, tfap2a is expressed in the entire non-neural ectoderm and the prospective NPB territory and a recent study showed that this expression depends on BMP activity. 31,32 The source of BMP ligands is likely the non-neural ectoderm or the prospective NPB ectoderm itself, which expresses BMP ligands in zebrafish, frog, chick and mouse embryos. 28,[33][34][35] Consistently, the potential of epidermis to induce NPB or NC is supposedly attributable to the expression of BMP ligands.…”

Section: Bmp Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling pathways and tissue interactions in neural plate border formation

Schille

Schambony

2017

Neurogenesis

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The neural crest is a transient cell population that gives rise to various cell types of multiple tissues and organs in the vertebrate embryo. Neural crest cells arise from the neural plate border, a region localized at the lateral borders of the prospective neural plate. Temporally and spatially coordinated interaction with the adjacent tissues, the non-neural ectoderm, the neural plate and the prospective dorsolateral mesoderm, is required for neural plate border specification. Signaling molecules, namely BMP, Wnt and FGF ligands and corresponding antagonists are derived from these tissues and interact to induce the expression of neural plate border specific genes. The present mini-review focuses on the current understanding of how the NPB territory is formed and accentuates the need for coordinated interaction of BMP and Wnt signaling pathways and precise tissue communication that are required for the definition of the prospective NC in the competent ectoderm.

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Transcription Factor AP-2 Is an Essential and Direct Regulator of Epidermal Development in Xenopus

Cited by 99 publications

References 46 publications

AP2γ regulates neural and epidermal development downstream of the BMP pathway at early stages of ectodermal patterning

AP2γ regulates neural and epidermal development downstream of the BMP pathway at early stages of ectodermal patterning

Metamorphosis‐dependent transcriptional regulation of xak‐c, a novel Xenopus type I keratin gene

Signaling pathways and tissue interactions in neural plate border formation

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