Transcription during productive infection with polyoma virus and simian virus 40

Acheson, Nicholas H.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(76)90179-3

Cited by 97 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The molecular biology of simian virus 40 (SV40) has been under intensive investigation for a number of years. These studies have provided considerable information regarding the regulation of gene expression and, in particular, transcription and the post-transcriptional processing of mRNA (1,2). In this paper we report the finding of a novel mechanism of RNA processing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Novel mechanism for RNA maturation: the leader sequences of simian virus 40 mRNA are not transcribed adjacent to the coding sequences.

Aloni¹,

Dhar²,

Laub³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

152

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The 5'-terminal 100-200 ribonucleotides of late simian virus 40 (SV40) mRNAs are not transcribed immediately adjacent to their coding sequences. This conclusion is based on the following observations. The major late SV40 cytoplasmic RNA species, 16S and 19S, were purified from poly(A-containing cytoplasmic RNA by hybridization to and elution from an SV40 DNA fragment that maps between 0.67 and 0.76. This fragment is remote from the DNA fragments that include the coding sequences. The RNA transcripts from the fragment located between 0.67 and 0.76 were found in abundance. Even though selected on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns, the 5'-terminal sequences did not contain poly(A) tails directly adjacent to their 3' termini. The 5' terminus of the 16S mRNA, as monitored by hybridization of the sequences adjacent to the "cap" structure, was found adjacent to the coding sequences when intact [3Hlmethyl-labeled RNA was hybridized with restriction fragments. However, after fragmentation, the methyl label of this same RNA hybridized with a fragment that is remote from the coding sequences and maps between 0.67 and 0.73. These results imply a novel mechanism for biosynthesis of SV40 mRNA.The use of animal viruses as model systems for probing the complexities of molecular control mechanisms has been particularly fruitful. It is generally thought that an understanding of genetic regulation in viruses will provide an insight into similar regulatory processes in eukaryotic cells. The molecular biology of simian virus 40 (SV40) has been under intensive investigation for a number of years. These studies have provided considerable information regarding the regulation of gene expression and, in particular, transcription and the post-transcriptional processing of mRNA (1, 2). In this paper we report the finding of a novel mechanism of RNA processing. The leader sequences and the adjacent coding sequences of mRNA are not transcribed from contiguous segments of viral DNA. This implies either a "copy choice" at the transcriptional level or a fusion of RNA at the post-transcriptional level. (4). Filter Hybridization. SV40 DNA was cleaved with the desired enzyme, and the fragments were separated by 1.4% agarose gel electrophoresis (5). The DNA was transferred from the gel into nitrocellulose paper (B-6, Schleicher and Schuell, Keene, NH) with 6X standard saline-citrate (SSC) by using the technique of Southern (6). Each transfer filter (10 cm wide) contained 25 ,ug of SV40 DNA. The hybridizations in 4X SSC at 68°and in formamide at 370 were as described (7). Bands were traced with a Gilford spectrophotometer, model 2400. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnalysis of [3HJMethyl-Labeled RNA. The radioactivity associated with the bands was eluted by boiling in 0.5 ml of H20 in the presence of 20 ,ug of tRNA, followed by rapid cooling and precipitation with ethanol. The RNA pellet was dissolved in 10 Al of 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.2, containing T2(1 unit), T1 (5 units), and pancreatic (2 ,ug) RNases and incubated at 370 for 3 hr. The RN...

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mentioning

confidence: 68%

Novel mechanism for RNA maturation: the leader sequences of simian virus 40 mRNA are not transcribed adjacent to the coding sequences.

Aloni¹,

Dhar²,

Laub³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

152

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“…At early times, polyadenylation and transcription termination are efficient on the late strand; these transcripts are relatively unstable in the nucleus and accumulate to only low levels Carmichael 1988, 1990;Liu and Carmichael 1993;Liu et al 1994). At late times, however, polyadenylation and transcription termination become inefficient, leading to multigenomic primary transcripts (Acheson et al 1971;Acheson 1976Acheson , 1978Birg et al 1977;Treisman 1980;Treisman and Kamen 1981). Late pre-mRNAs contain at their 59-ends a short noncoding ''late leader'' exon (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene regulation by sense–antisense overlap of polyadenylation signals

Gu¹,

Zhang²,

DeCerbo³

et al. 2009

RNA

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We show here that expression of genes from convergent transcription units can be regulated by the formation of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) in the region of overlapping polyadenylation signals. The model system employed is the mouse polyomavirus. The early and late genes of polyomavirus are transcribed from opposite strands of the circular viral genome. At early times after infection, the early genes are expressed predominantly. Late gene expression increases dramatically upon the onset of DNA replication, when a major defect in polyadenylation of the late primary transcripts generates multigenomic RNAs that are precursors to the mature late mRNAs. Embedded in these late pre-mRNAs are sequences complementary to the early RNAs that act to down-regulate early gene expression via A-to-I editing of dsRNAs. In this system, the defective polyadenylation, and consequently the production of multigenomic late RNAs, depends on the context, and perhaps also, on the A-to-I editing of the poly(A) signal that overlaps the 39-end of early transcripts.

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“…Superhelical SV40 DNA is transcribed asymmetricaly by E. coli RNA polymerase, the majority of transcripts being complementary to the early (E) strand (14,15). The relevance of this observation to SV40 transcription in infected cells was made doubtful by the finding that DNAs of two other members of the papovavirus group (polyoma virus and BKV), closely related to SV40, are transcribed symmetrically under the same conditions (16,12). However, the ability of E. coli RNA polymerase to preferentially recognize promoters for one of the two strands on SV40 DNA allows one to ask whether the constraints imposed on viral DNA by nucleosomes result in an alteration of this selectivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription of nucleosomal DNA in SV40 minichromosomes by eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases

1979

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Transcription during productive infection with polyoma virus and simian virus 40

Cited by 97 publications

References 47 publications

Novel mechanism for RNA maturation: the leader sequences of simian virus 40 mRNA are not transcribed adjacent to the coding sequences.

Novel mechanism for RNA maturation: the leader sequences of simian virus 40 mRNA are not transcribed adjacent to the coding sequences.

Gene regulation by sense–antisense overlap of polyadenylation signals

Transcription of nucleosomal DNA in SV40 minichromosomes by eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases

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