Transcript Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Alloreactive Dynamics in Renal Transplantation

Abstract

Direct contact of membrane molecules and cytokine interactions orchestrate immune homeostasis. However, overcoming the threshold of distance and velocity barriers, and achieving adhesion mediated immune interaction remain difficult. Here, inspired by the natural chemotaxis of regulatory T cells, multifunctionalized FOXP3 genetic engineered extracellular vesicles, termed Foe-TEVs, are designed, which display with adhesive molecules, regulatory cytokines, and coinhibitory contact molecules involving CTLA-4 and PD-1, by limited exogenous gene transduction. Foe-TEVs effectively adhere to the tubular, endothelial, and glomerular regions of allogeneic injury in the renal allograft, mitigating cell death in situ and chronic fibrosis transition. Remarkably, transcript engineering reverses the tracking velocity of vesicles to a retained phenotype and enhanced arrest coefficient by a factor of 2.16, directly interacting and attenuating excessive allosensitization kinetics in adaptive lymphoid organs. In murine allogeneic transplantation, immune adhesive Foe-TEVs alleviate pathological responses, restore renal function with well ordered ultrastructure and improved glomerular filtration rate, and prolong the survival period of the recipient from 30.16 to 92.81 days, demonstrating that the delivery of extracellular vesicles, genetically engineered for immune adhesive, is a promising strategy for the treatment of graft rejection.

Immunosuppressive microvesicles-mimetic derived from tolerant dendritic cells to target T-lymphocytes for inflammation diseases therapy

“…In recent years, EV mainly refer to exosomes that have emerged as the potential cells-free therapeutics due to their high biostability and bioactive ingredients such as mRNA, miRNA, and cytokines, which have a similar effect to those parental cells and can modulate the biological activities of recipient cells [ 52 ]. For instance, Zhang et al reported that hydrogel loaded DC-derived exosomes could activate Treg and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction and Zhang et al also utilized DC-derived exosomes to upregulate Treg cells in the thymuses of rats in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis [ 53 , 54 ].…”