Transcranial Sonography in Huntington’S Disease

Krogias, Christos; Eyding, Jens; Postert, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(10)90017-2

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…TCS has also been studied in numerous other movement disorders including ataxias,120 Huntington's disease,121 essential tremor,79 and restless legs syndrome,122 as well as movement disorders with trace metal accumulation 123. A comprehensive review is provided in the 90th volume of the International Review of Neurobiology titled “Transcranial sonography in movement disorders.”124…”

Section: Transcranial Sonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Milestones in magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial sonography of movement disorders

et al. 2011

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Twenty-five years ago, when this journal was initiated, imaging of movement disorders was in its infancy. Since that time, magnetic resonance imaging has become a standard technique that is routinely performed in patients with movement disorders in order to exclude secondary causes and in some instances to provide specific information that aids in making the diagnosis of a neurodegenerative condition. Transcranial sonography is a more recent advance and is now widely employed to aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and possibly in detecting individuals in the premotor phases of the disease. Investigations are currently under way to evaluate the value of this technique in other movement disorders.

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Section: Transcranial Sonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Milestones in magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial sonography of movement disorders

et al. 2011

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“…TCS has become a reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool in the evaluation of extrapyramidal movement disorders, ataxias, and in many neurological disorders with psychiatric symptoms as well as in restless legs syndrome (RLS) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. This is of particular interest since different features like depression, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and RLS occur frequently in DM 1 and also in DM2 [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of CNS involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 by transcranial sonography

et al. 2014

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Myotonic dystrophies (DMs) are clinically similar but distinct multisystemic diseases related to different repeat expansion mutations. CNS involvement is one important aspect of both, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 (DM1, DM2). Transcran ial sonography (TCS) has become a reliable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of several CNS disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate TCS-findings in DM-patients in correlation with their clinical status. Thirty-one DM-patients (DM1 = 17; DM2 = 14) were examined clinically and sonographically by independent physicians. Echogenicities of basal ganglia and mesencephalic regions were assessed according to the examination protocol for extrapyramidal disorders using a Toshiba Aplio(®) XG ultrasound system. TCS abnormalities were correlated to clinical findings and secondly compared to 31 controls. Ventricle diameters were additionally compared to 3T-MRI volumetry. Nine patients (29 %) showed hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra. Mesencephalic raphe was hypoechogenic in nine (29 %) DM-patients and was more frequently in DM1 patients (p = 0.021). Width of third ventricle was significantly larger in the patient group (p = 0.021) and correlated with MRI-based volumetry (R (2) = 0.756). Pathological raphe signal was observed mainly in patients suffering from daytime sleepiness (sensitivity = 42.1 %, specificity = 88.9 %, p = 0,044), while alterations did not correlate with symptoms of depression. As a novel finding, a relation between mesencephalic raphe echogenicity and excessive daytime sleepiness could be identified in our DM-patients. An alteration of serotonergic raphe structures might be involved in the pathogenesis of hypersomnia in DM. TCS allows for measurement of third ventricle enlargement as a feasible bedside test.

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“…Furthermore, a larger number of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene, correlated with presence of SN hyperechogenicity. A poorer cognitive performance -correlated with larger width of third ventricle and depressive symptoms -was found to be associated with abnormal echogenicity of RN [79].…”

Section: Tcs In Other Movement Disordersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Update on Transcranial Sonography Applications in Movement Disorders

Godani¹,

Canavese²,

Sette³

et al. 2014

J Diagn Imaging Ther

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Over the past 20 years transcranial B-mode sonography (TCS) of brain parenchyma is being increasingly used as a diagnostic tool in movement disorders. The most widely recognised finding for movement disorders has been an increase in echogenicity of the substantia nigra, an area of the midbrain that is affected in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). This finding has enabled a reliable diagnosis of IPD with high predictive values. Other sonographic features -such as hypoechogenicity of the brainstem raphe and hyperechogenicity of the lentiform nucleus -might help to increase the differential diagnosis of IPD and other movement disorders. In comparison with other neuroimaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), TCS can currently be performed with portable machines and has the advantages of non-invasiveness with high resistance to movement artifacts. In distinct brain disorders TCS detects abnormalities that cannot be visualized -or can only be visualized with significant effort -with other imaging methods. This present update summarizes the current methodological standards and defines the assessment of diagnostically relevant deep brain structures such as substantia nigra, brainstem raphe, basal ganglia and ventricles

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Transcranial Sonography in Huntington’S Disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 64 publications

Milestones in magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial sonography of movement disorders

Milestones in magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial sonography of movement disorders

Evaluation of CNS involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 by transcranial sonography

Update on Transcranial Sonography Applications in Movement Disorders

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