Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation Modulates Neural Processing of Sensory and Motor Circuits, from Potential Cellular Mechanisms to Behavior: A Scoping Review

Potok, Weronika; Groen, Onno van der; Bächinger, Marc; Edwards, Dylan; Wenderoth, Nicole

doi:10.1523/eneuro.0248-21.2021

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…#$% , which is below the safety limits for transcranial electrical stimulation (Fertonani et al, 2015). tRNS power, corresponding to the variance of the electrical noise intensities distribution, was 0.109, 0.194 and 0.436mA 2 in the 0.75, 1 and 1.5mA condition, respectively (Potok et al, 2022).…”

Section: Trns Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 2, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10. 1101/2022 During data collection not all the individuals who completed the 1 st and 2 nd sessions participated in the 3 rd session, due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Bikson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tRNS trials, high-frequency tRNS (hf-tRNS, 100-640Hz) with no offset was delivered. The probability function of random current intensities followed a Gaussian distribution with 99% of the values lying between the peak-to-peak amplitude (Potok et al, 2022). Stimulation started 20ms after trial onset and was maintained for 2s ( Figure 3A ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tRNS was delivered with 0.75mA (low), 1mA (medium), and 1.5mA (high) amplitude (peak-to-baseline), resulting in maximum current density of 60 , which is below the safety limits for transcranial electrical stimulation (Fertonani et al, 2015). tRNS power, corresponding to the variance of the electrical noise intensities distribution, was 0.109, 0.194 and 0.436mA 2 in the 0.75, 1 and 1.5mA condition, respectively (Potok et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) has been shown to significantly improve visual perception (see Potok et al, 2022 for review) when applied to visual cortex. Such performance improvements can manifest as both after-effects of visual training combined with tRNS (Contemori et al, 2019; Fertonani et al, 2011; Herpich et al, 2019; Pirulli et al, 2013) or acute effects during tRNS (Battaglini et al, 2020, 2019; Ghin et al, 2018; Pavan et al, 2019; van der Groen et al, 2019, 2018; van der Groen and Wenderoth, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcranial random noise stimulation of the primary visual cortex but not retina modulates visual contrast sensitivity

Potok

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Baechinger

et al. 2022

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Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) has been shown to significantly improve visual perception. Previous studies demonstrated that tRNS delivered over cortical areas acutely enhances visual contrast detection of stimuli when tRNS intensity is optimized for the individual. However, it is currently unknown whether tRNS-induced signal enhancement could be achieved within different neural substrates along the retino-cortical pathway and whether the beneficial effect of optimal tRNS intensities can be reproduced across sessions. In 3 experimental sessions, we tested whether tRNS applied to the primary visual cortex (V1) and/or to the retina improves visual contrast detection. We first measured visual contrast detection threshold (VCT; N=24, 16 females) during tRNS delivery separately over V1 (no tRNS, 0.75, 1, 1.5mA) and over the retina (no tRNS, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3mA), determined the optimal tRNS intensities for each individual (ind-tRNS), and retested the effects of ind-tRNS within the sessions. We further investigated whether we could reproduce the ind-tRNS-induced modulation on a different session (N=19, 14 females). Finally, we tested whether the simultaneous application of ind-tRNS to the retina and V1 causes additive effects. We found that at the group level tRNS of 0.75mA decreases VCT compared to baseline when delivered to the V1. Beneficial effects of ind-tRNS could be replicated when retested within the same experimental session but not when retested in a separate session. Applying tRNS to the retina did not cause a systematic reduction of VCT, irrespective of whether the individually optimized intensity was considered or not. We also did not observe consistent additive effects of V1 and retina stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that V1 seems to be more sensitive than the retina to tRNS-induced modulation of visual contrast processing.

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Section: Trns Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%