“…It is known that AEDs have a prominent effect on TMS measure (Ziemann, 2004) and there are many reports of increased MT in patients with different forms of epilepsy on multiple AEDs, an effect which seems to increase as a function of the number of AEDs used (Hamer et al, 2005;Cantello et al, 2000;Caramia et al, 1996;Akgun et al, 2009;Cicinelli et al, 2000;Di Lazzaro et al, 2004;Molnar et al, 2006). While this is not a universal finding and there are reports of no change in MT in treated patients with chronic epilepsy compared to non-epilepsy controls (Manganotti et al, 2000(Manganotti et al, , 2004(Manganotti et al, , 2006Caramia et al, 1996;Badawy et al, 2010b), multiple AED use may explain the increase in MT observed in both the refractory and seizure free focal epilepsy groups compared to non-epilepsy controls.…”