Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes does not modify the short- and long-term memory formation in rats evaluated in the novel object recognition test

Rogel-Salazar, Gabriela; Luna-Munguía, Hiram; Stevens, Karen E.; Besio, Walter G.

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.006

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is a sensitive and reliable memory assessment tool that is able to detect behavioral and cognitive effects (2). It gives information on working, short-term or long-term memory depending on the elapsed testing phase (41). It consists of three phases: habituation, familiarization, and test phase.…”

Section: Novel Object Recognition Test (Nor)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of omega-3 on cognition in hypothyroid adult male rats

Allah¹,

Gomaa²,

Sayed³

2014

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Thyroid hormones and omega-3 are essential for normal brain functions. Recent studies have suggested that omega-3 may protect against the risk of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on spatial learning and memory in adult male rats, the underlying mechanisms and the possible therapeutic value of omega-3 supplementation. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups; control, hypothyroid and omega-3 treated. Hypothyroidism induced significant deficits in working and reference memories in radial arm maze, retention deficits in passive avoidance test and impaired intermediate and long-term memories in novel object recognition test. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and hippocampal serotonin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were decreased in the hypothyroid group as compared to the control group. Moreover, the hippocampus of hypothyroid rats showed marked structural changes as diffuse vacuolar degeneration and distortion of the pyramidal cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Cav1.2 (the voltage dependent LTCC alpha 1c subunit) protein was increased in the hypothyroid group as compared to the control group. Omega-3 supplementation ameliorated memory deficits, increased TAC, decreased the structural changes and decreased the expression of Cav1.2 protein. In conclusion omega-3 could be useful as a neuroprotective agent against hypothyroidism-induced cognitive impairment.Keywords: hypothyroidism, cognition, omega-3, Cav1.2, GABA and serotonin Thyroid hormones play an important role in the development and the normal function of CNS by different mechanisms. They regulate synaptic transmission (15), modulate the synthesis and turnover of neurotransmitters and modify the sensitivity of their receptors (42, 51). They modulate signal transduction pathways in the CNS through Ca 2+ channels. L-type voltagesensitive Ca 2+ (Cav) channel (L-VSCC) mediates long lasting Ca 2+ currents (55) that play important roles in neurotransmitters release, second messenger cascades and gene regulation (28). L-VSCCs localize prominently on neuronal cell bodies and proximal dendrites (24). They consist of five subunits: α1, α2, β, γ and δ (40); α1 subunit is the ion-conducting pore and contains the binding sites for dihydropyridine (9). There are two different L-VSCC α1 subunits: α1C (Cav1.2) and α1D (Cav1.3) (47). Growing evidence has suggested that excessive Ca 2+ influx through L-VSCCs may be detrimental to memory (55). Moreover, L-VSCC currents were reported to be increased in the hippocampus of aged rats and rabbits and thus, had been implicated in aged-related memory deficits (50). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are major components of neuronal membranes and have a wide range of functions including neural growth (18), neuroprotection and modulation of

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Section: Novel Object Recognition Test (Nor)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of omega-3 on cognition in hypothyroid adult male rats

Allah¹,

Gomaa²,

Sayed³

2014

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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“…Transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) via tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCRE) is a non-invasive experimental paradigm to treat pharmacoresistant epilepsy. This electrical stimulation treatment uses the TCRE, which provide a more uniform current density compared with conventional disc electrodes (van Oosterom and Strackee, 1983) and focus the electrical stimulation directly below the electrode leading to the induction of electric fields even in subcortical structures (Besio et al, 2011a) without compromising the skin surface or cognitive processes in the rat (Besio et al, 2010b;Rogel-Salazar et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via concentric ring electrodes in freely moving cats: Antiepileptogenic and postictal effects

Valdés-Cruz

Villasana‐Salazar

Williams

et al. 2019

Experimental Neurology

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Transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) via tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCRE), tripolar TFS, is proposed to treat pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We determined the effect of tripolar TFS on electrical amygdaloid kindling (AK) in freely moving cats. Fifteen cats were bilaterally implanted with electrodes in the amygdala (AM) and prefrontal cortex and assigned to three groups: the control group, which only received AK; the tripolar TFS before AK group, in which TCREs were placed over the vertex and tripolar TFS (300 Hz, 200 μs biphasic equal charge, square pulses) was delivered for 40 min just prior to AK; and the tripolar TFS after AK group, in which the TCREs were placed over the temporal bone ipsilateral to the kindled AM, while tripolar TFS was administered for 2 min just after AK onset for 40 days, and, thereafter, only AK was applied. AK was applied daily until all animals reached kindling stage VI. A three concentric spheres finite element cat head model was developed to analyze the electric fields caused by tripolar TFS. Tripolar TFS after AK inhibited kindling development. Animals with tripolar TFS after AK remained at the focal seizure stages for 20 days after tripolar TFS cessation and required 80.0 ± 15.42 AK stimulations to reach stage VI, significantly higher than TFS before AK, and control (P < .001). Tripolar TFS before AK did not show signs of protection against epileptogenesis. The finite modeling of tripolar TFS showed that the electric field is >0.3 mV/mm at depths less than approximately 12.6 mm in the cat brain, which should be strong enough to alter brain activity. In conclusion, tripolar TFS applied via a TCRE over the ipsilateral temporal area significantly delayed AK. This taken together with other reports of tripolar TFS aborting seizures in acute seizure models suggests that tripolar TFS is a promising new modality that should be considered for further testing.

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“…Long-term goal for TFS is to control seizures, so safety has to be tested in animal models first. Previous work on safety testing of TFS includes assessment of the effect on scalp [ 11 ] and cortex tissue [ 12 ] as well as on memory formation [ 13 ] in rats. The effect of TFS via TCREs on rat scalp was quantitatively analyzed by calculating the temperature profile under the TCRE and the corresponding energy density with electrical-thermal coupled field analysis using a three-dimensional multilayer model [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No statistically significant difference in IOD values was found for control and both groups of TFS-treated rat brains, and morphological analysis did not show any pyknotic neurons, cell loss, or gliosis that might confirm any neuronal damage to the cerebral cortex [ 12 ]. Finally, the effect of TFS on short- and long-term memory formation was assessed using object recognition test [ 13 ]. The results for naïve control and single-dose TFS-treated rats suggested that TFS has no adverse effect on the memory formation [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety of the Transcranial Focal Electrical Stimulation via Tripolar Concentric Ring Electrodes for Hippocampal CA3 Subregion Neurons in Rats

Mucio-Ramírez

Makeyev

2017

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects approximately one percent of the world population. Noninvasive electrical brain stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes has been proposed as an alternative/complementary therapy for seizure control. Previous results suggest its efficacy attenuating acute seizures in penicillin, pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, and pentylenetetrazole-induced rat seizure models and its safety for the rat scalp, cortical integrity, and memory formation. In this study, neuronal counting was used to assess possible tissue damage in rats (n = 36) due to the single dose or five doses (given every 24 hours) of stimulation on hippocampal CA3 subregion neurons 24 hours, one week, and one month after the last stimulation dose. Full factorial analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference in the number of neurons between control and stimulation-treated animals (p = 0.71). Moreover, it showed no statistically significant differences due to the number of stimulation doses (p = 0.71) nor due to the delay after the last stimulation dose (p = 0.96). Obtained results suggest that stimulation at current parameters (50 mA, 200 μs, 300 Hz, biphasic, charge-balanced pulses for 2 minutes) does not induce neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA3 subregion of the brain.

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Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes does not modify the short- and long-term memory formation in rats evaluated in the novel object recognition test

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

The effect of omega-3 on cognition in hypothyroid adult male rats

The effect of omega-3 on cognition in hypothyroid adult male rats

Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via concentric ring electrodes in freely moving cats: Antiepileptogenic and postictal effects

Safety of the Transcranial Focal Electrical Stimulation via Tripolar Concentric Ring Electrodes for Hippocampal CA3 Subregion Neurons in Rats

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