Transcranial Electric Stimulation Entrains Cortical Neuronal Populations in Rats

Ozen, Simal; Sirota, Anton; Belluscio, Mariano; Anastassiou, Costas A.; Stark, Eran; Koch, Christof; Buzsáki, György

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5252-09.2010

Cited by 364 publications

(372 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…A minimum threshold of 1 mV/mm has been suggested on the basis of in vivo measurements in rodents (17). Electric fields measured in vivo in humans fall within this range; however, rather at the lower end.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Limitations of ex vivo measurements for in vivo neuroscience

Opitz

Falchier

Linn

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A long history of postmortem studies has provided significant insight into human brain structure and organization. Cadavers have also proven instrumental for the measurement of artifacts and nonneural effects in functional imaging, and more recently, the study of biophysical properties critical to brain stimulation. However, death produces significant changes in the biophysical properties of brain tissues, making an ex vivo to in vivo comparison complex, and even questionable. This study directly compares biophysical properties of electric fields arising from transcranial electric stimulation (TES) in a nonhuman primate brain pre-and postmortem. We show that pre-vs. postmortem, TES-induced intracranial electric fields differ significantly in both strength and frequency response dynamics, even while controlling for confounding factors such as body temperature. Our results clearly indicate that ex vivo cadaver and in vivo measurements are not easily equitable. In vivo examinations remain essential to establishing an adequate understanding of even basic biophysical phenomena in vivo.biophysical | electric field | nonhuman primate T he use of cadavers to study human anatomy has a long history in medicine and science. For the neurosciences, centuries of postmortem examination have provided a fundamental understanding of human brain structure and organization, as well as the effect of a range of disease processes (1). With the advent of powerful in vivo imaging methods (2), the study of cadavers has become less important in modern-day neuroscience research. However, cadavers are still regularly used to examine possible methodological artifacts in brain imaging studies because of the complete absence of neuronal activity with largely preserved anatomical structures (3, 4). Numerous studies have relied on cadavers to establish the conductivity of differing tissue types, with notable discrepancies compared with in vivo measurements (5-8). Similarly, in developing noninvasive transcranial electric stimulation (TES) procedures, some have suggested the use of cadavers for measuring electric fields generated in the brain during stimulation. Such knowledge is crucial to efforts aiming to optimize brain stimulation, whether focusing on the spatial accuracy of stimulation, the magnitude of a dose actually delivered to an individual, or the possible variations in delivery across individuals. The most recent of these gained widespread attention because of its conclusion that TES-induced currents have poor penetration through the scalp and skull (9). These findings seem to reinforce concerns about the effectiveness of current dosing levels (10); however, to understand their implications, it is first important to determine how well cadaver-based conductivity measurements approximate in vivo conditions.Death initiates a cascade of biochemical processes affecting the biophysical properties of body and brain tissues, which can make the generalization from ex vivo results to the in vivo case problematic. However, it is not clear how in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Limitations of ex vivo measurements for in vivo neuroscience

Opitz

Falchier

Linn

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Recently several studies have reported that endogenous electric fields provide an effective (and maybe indispensable) mechanism for a rapid orchestration of neocortical spatiotemporal synchronization patterns (e.g., Anastassiou et al, , 2011Fröhlich and MecCormick, 2010;Marshall et al, 2006;Ozen et al, 2010;Radman and Nicholson, 2007;Weiss and Paulsen, 2010). Although the magnitude of local fields is considerably lower than the typical threshold potential of a neuron Fröhlich and MecCormick, 2010) they still may modulate spike timing of single neurons via ephaptic coupling (Radman and Nicholson, 2007) as well as the collective neuronal dynamics of entire neuronal populations (Fröhlich and MecCormick, 2010;Weiss and Paulsen, 2010).…”

Section: Volume Conduction and Choice Of Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the magnitude of local fields is considerably lower than the typical threshold potential of a neuron Fröhlich and MecCormick, 2010) they still may modulate spike timing of single neurons via ephaptic coupling (Radman and Nicholson, 2007) as well as the collective neuronal dynamics of entire neuronal populations (Fröhlich and MecCormick, 2010;Weiss and Paulsen, 2010). Endogenous local fields modulate neuronal membrane potentials on a subthreshold level (Fröh-lich and MecCormick, 2010;Ozen et al, 2010;Weiss and Paulsen, 2010) and thereby influence network activity. In this way, a feedback loop may be established (Fröhlich and MecCormick, 2010), which may promote global synchronization of large neuronal assemblies.…”

Section: Volume Conduction and Choice Of Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coming back to the earlier-mentioned constructive role of endogenous fields the question arises whether they participate actively in such processes and what constitutes the fast and efficient mechanism that permits the recruitment or dismissal of neuronal assemblies. One possible explanation might be binding by resonance, where slow modulations of local fields may trigger the spiking of individual neurons (Radman and Nicholson, 2007) or entire populations (Ozen, 2010). On the other hand, individual neurons have preferred possibly narrow frequency ranges where they show optimal response to external stimuli (Hutcheon et al, 2000).…”

Section: Local Information Processing Versus Global Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standing Waves as an Explanation for Generic Stationary Correlation Patterns in Noninvasive EEG of Focal Onset Seizures

et al. 2014

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Cerebral electrical activity is highly nonstationary because the brain reacts to ever changing external stimuli and continuously monitors internal control circuits. However, a large amount of energy is spent to maintain remarkably stationary activity patterns and functional inter-relations between different brain regions. Here we examine linear EEG correlations in the peri-ictal transition of focal onset seizures, which are typically understood to be manifestations of dramatically changing inter-relations. Contrary to expectations we find stable correlation patterns with a high similarity across different patients and different frequency bands. This skeleton of spatial correlations may be interpreted as a signature of standing waves of electrical brain activity constituting a dynamical ground state. Such a state could promote the formation of spatiotemporal neuronal assemblies and may be important for the integration of information stemming from different local circuits of the functional brain network.

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“…Its application involves inducing a weak electric current between electrodes at the scalp (Nitsche et al 2008;Zaghi et al 2010;Paulus 2011). The current partially penetrates the brain, where it propagates widely and forces neuronal excitability to oscillate along with its alternating waveform (Frohlich and McCormick 2010;Ozen et al 2010).…”

Section: What Is Tacs?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Hearing and Auditory Scene Analysis

Riecke

2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Recent studies have shown that perceptual detection of near-threshold auditory events may depend on the relative timing of the event and ongoing brain oscillations. Furthermore, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a non-invasive and silent brain stimulation technique, can entrain cortical alpha oscillations and thereby provide some experimental control over their timing. The present research investigates the potential of delta/theta-tACS to modulate hearing and auditory scene analysis. Detection of near-threshold auditory stimuli, which are modulated at 4 Hz and presented at various moments (phase lags) during ongoing tACS (two synchronous 4-Hz alternating currents applied transcranially to the two cerebral hemispheres), is measured in silence or in a masker. Results indicate that performance fluctuates as a function of phase lag and these fluctuations can be explained best by a sinusoid at the tACS frequency. This suggests that tACS may amplify/attenuate sounds that are temporally coherent/anticoherent with tACSentrained cortical oscillations.

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Transcranial Electric Stimulation Entrains Cortical Neuronal Populations in Rats

Cited by 364 publications

References 78 publications

Limitations of ex vivo measurements for in vivo neuroscience

Limitations of ex vivo measurements for in vivo neuroscience

Standing Waves as an Explanation for Generic Stationary Correlation Patterns in Noninvasive EEG of Focal Onset Seizures

Studying Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Hearing and Auditory Scene Analysis

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