Transcranial Doppler Series Part II: Performing a Transcranial Doppler

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound: A Review of the Physical Principles and Major Applications in Critical Care

“…It is relatively inexpensive, repeatable, and its portability offers increased convenience over other imaging methods, allowing continuous bedside monitoring of CBF-V, which is particularly useful in the intensive care setting [2]. The technique is however highly operator dependent, which can significantly limit its utility [3–6]. It also has a long learning curve to acquire the three-dimensional understanding of cerebrovascular anatomy necessary for competency [3].…”

“…The technique is however highly operator dependent, which can significantly limit its utility [3–6]. It also has a long learning curve to acquire the three-dimensional understanding of cerebrovascular anatomy necessary for competency [3]. Furthermore, approximately 10–20% of patients have inadequate transtemporal acoustic windows [2, 4, 7].…”

Prognosis of spontaneous cervical artery dissection and transcranial Doppler findings associated with clinical outcomes

“…Data were analysed by two stroke specialists. Information regarding each waveform, peak flow velocity (Vp), diastolic flow velocity (Vd), mean flow velocity (Vm), and the pulsatility index (PI=(Vp−Vd)/Vm) at the level of the common carotid artery (CCA), proximal ICA (from a retromandibular window with a insonation depth of 40-60 mm), distal VA (from sub-occipital windows with depths of 60-75 mm), proximal MCA (from temporal windows with insonation depth of 65-70 mm), and basilar artery (BA; from sub-occipital windows with insonation depths of 80-100 mm) was obtained [20]. Given that TCD can localize and grade the arterial steno-occlusion [21], sites corresponding to the angiographic dissection were sampled and the waveform abnormalities of the dissected vessel were categorized.…”

Chronic consumption of a wild green oat extract (Neuravena) improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation and cerebrovascular responsiveness in older adults

“…They remained in a comfortable supine position during the whole assessment. The transtemporal window (between ear and along zygomatic bone) is the best acoustic window for insonation of the MCA, which was identified by its unique sound and waveform [34].…”