Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) selectively modulates semantic information during reading

Cummine, Jacqueline; Boliek, Carol A.; McKibben, Tessa; Jaswal, Aamn; Joanisse, Marc F.

doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2018.11.002

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…TMS to the left AG, during reading tasks that focused attention on either the meaning or sounds of written words, selectively slowed responses in the meaning but not sound task (Sliwinska et al, 2015). The left AG showed causal role in grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, in particular in non-word reading (Costanzo et al, 2012), and tDCS over the same region modulated reading performance in subjects who read aloud words that varied in the degree of imageability (Cummine et al, 2019). Current TMS/TES literature points to a causal role of left AG in word reading (see recent review in (Arrington et al, 2022;Turker and Hartwigsen, 2021)).…”

Section: Section 2: Causal Role(s) Evidenced By Transcranial Brain St...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Multiple functions of the angular gyrus at high temporal resolution

Seghier

2022

Brain Struct Funct

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Here, the functions of the angular gyrus (AG) are evaluated in the light of current evidence from transcranial magnetic/electric stimulation (TMS/TES) and EEG/MEG studies. 65 TMS/TES and 52 EEG/MEG studies were examined in this review. TMS/TES literature points to a causal role in semantic processing, word and number processing, attention and visual search, self-guided movement, memory, and self-processing.EEG/MEG studies reported AG effects at latencies varying between 32 ms and 800 ms in a wide range of domains, with a high probability to detect an effect at 300-350 ms poststimulus onset. A three-phase unifying model revolving around the process of sensemaking is then suggested: (1) early AG involvement in defining the current context, within the first 200 ms, with a bias toward the right hemisphere; (2) attention reorientation and retrieval of relevant information within 200-500 ms; and (3) cross-modal integration at late latencies with a bias toward the left hemisphere. This sensemaking process can favour accuracy (e.g. for word and number processing) or plausibility (e.g. for comprehension and social cognition). Such functions of the AG depend on the status of other connected regions. The much-debated semantic role is also discussed: (1) there is a strong TMS/TES evidence for a causal semantic role, (2) current EEG/MEG evidence is however weak, but (3) the existing arguments against a semantic role for the AG are not strong. Some outstanding questions for future research are proposed. This review recognizes that cracking the role(s) of the AG in cognition is possible only when its exact contributions within the default mode network are teased apart.

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Section: Section 2: Causal Role(s) Evidenced By Transcranial Brain St...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Multiple functions of the angular gyrus at high temporal resolution

Seghier

2022

Brain Struct Funct

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“…In 2018, Cancer and Antonietti (2018) published a review of studies that examined the effect of tDCS on reading or spelling outcomes (see Appendix A for a summary of relevant studies). These studies can be categorised according to whether they administered (1) single tDCS stimulation before or during a reading or spelling assessment (Before: Boehringer, Macher, Dukart, Villringer, & Pleger, 2013;Costanzo, Varuzza, Rossi, Sdoia, Varvara, Oliveri, Koch, et al, 2016a;Cummine et al, 2019;Heth & Lavidor, 2015;Rios et al, 2018;Turkeltaub et al, 2012;Younger, Randazzo Wagner, & Booth, 2016;During: Thomson et al, 2015;Westwood et al, 2017); or (2) repeated stimulation during reading or spelling training (Costanzo et al, 2016b(Costanzo et al, , 2018. Most of these studies administered anodal stimulation over left-hemisphere regions which are thought to be associated with reading ability (e.g., temporo-parietal cortex, posterior temporal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus, occipital visual cortex), with cathodal or reference electrodes position over the right hemisphere (i.e., temporo-parietal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) or on the right cheek.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The tDCS effects of these studies varied both within and between studies. For example, studies that examined the effect of single-session stimulation have found that left-hemispheric tDCS was associated with superior (Cummine et al, 2019;Heth and Lavidor, 2015;Turkeltaub et al, 2012;Rios et al, 2018;Younger et al, 2016), inferior (Thomson et al, 2015), or equal performance (Costanzo et al, 2016a;Westwood, 2017) on word or nonword reading assessment compared to a sham or control conditions. Further, studies that measured multiple outcomes all produced inconsistent effects of tDCS on reading or spelling assessments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effective spelling training is not enhanced by tDCS in adults

Caruana¹,

Gelding²,

Zucco³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The aim of this study was to test the effects of tDCS on adult reading and spelling abilities. Experiment 1 examined whether tDCS improved adults' performance on reading and spelling tests. We found no evidence that left temporal tDCS stimulation improved word spelling, word reading accuracy, or word reading fluency compared to sham stimulation. Experiment 2 tested the effect of left-temporal tDCS stimulation on spelling training in adults. There was no evidence for a facilitatory effect of tDCS on spelling training despite its large and significant effects on adults' ability to spell difficult words. These results, paired with previous studies, argue against the use of tDCS as an intervention for poor reading and spelling until we identify a tDCS paradigm that reliably improves reading and spelling skills.

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