Stroke remains a leading cause of human disability. Important gains have been realized in the setting of acute ischemic stroke, where thrombolytic and catheter-based reperfusion therapies can substantially improve long-term behavioral outcomes. However, most patients with a new stroke are not eligible for such therapies because of delays in diagnosis or hemorrhagic etiology, for example, and many who are treated nonetheless have substantial long-term disability. Additional classes of poststroke therapy are needed.An emerging branch of stroke therapeutics targets neural repair. Such restorative therapies are introduced after strokerelated injury is fixed and therefore do not aim to modify the initial insult. Instead, the strategy is to improve outcomes by promoting favorable clinical neuroplasticity within surviving neural elements. 1 Many categories of brain repair therapy are under study, including small molecules, growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, cells, activity-based therapies, telerehabilitation, and brain stimulation. 2 Several forms of brain stimulation have been advanced. An advantage of this approach, compared with systemic administration of a drug, is reduced toxicity given that trillions of cells outside the brain are not exposed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the additional advantage that it is noninvasive, passing direct current through the scalp/skull to the brain, producing a subthreshold modulation of resting membrane potentials,
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