Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Enhances the Excitability of Trigemino-Facial Reflex Circuits

Cabib, Christopher; Cipullo, F; Morales, Merche; Valls‐Solé, Josep

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2015.12.003

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Even when remaining below the perceptual threshold, the peripheral stimulation may modulate the input the brain receives via these routes. There is little research on the effects of concomitant nerve stimulation, but one current study found that anodal TDCS over the primary motor cortex (montage cathode/anode: Fp3/C3) modulated the trigeminal-facial reflex circuit (Cabib et al., 2016). The observed modulation was greater ipsilateral to the electrodes, indicating that the effect was at least partially mediated through direct trigeminal stimulation.…”

Section: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Localize Brain Function?

et al. 2019

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Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) uses constant (TDCS) or alternating currents (TACS) to modulate brain activity. Most TES studies apply low-intensity currents through scalp electrodes (≤2 mA) using bipolar electrode arrangements, producing weak electrical fields in the brain (<1 V/m). Low-intensity TES has been employed in humans to induce changes in task performance during or after stimulation. In analogy to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation, TES-induced behavioral effects have often been taken as evidence for a causal involvement of the brain region underlying one of the two stimulation electrodes, often referred to as the active electrode. Here, we critically review the utility of bipolar low-intensity TES to localize human brain function. We summarize physiological substrates that constitute peripheral targets for TES and may mediate subliminal or overtly perceived peripheral stimulation during TES. We argue that peripheral co-stimulation may contribute to the behavioral effects of TES and should be controlled for by “sham” TES. We discuss biophysical properties of TES, which need to be considered, if one wishes to make realistic assumptions about which brain regions were preferentially targeted by TES. Using results from electric field calculations, we evaluate the validity of different strategies that have been used for selective spatial targeting. Finally, we comment on the challenge of adjusting the dose of TES considering dose–response relationships between the weak tissue currents and the physiological effects in targeted cortical areas. These considerations call for caution when attributing behavioral effects during or after low-intensity TES studies to a specific brain region and may facilitate the selection of best practices for future TES studies.

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Section: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Localize Brain Function?

et al. 2019

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“…Interventions that facilitate inhibitory pain pathways are now being utilised. Brain stimulation is applied by using two modalities: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) . rTMS targets the primary motor cortex (M1), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review on pathophysiology and management of burning mouth syndrome with endocrinological, psychological and neuropathic perspectives

Imamura

Shinozaki

Okada-Ogawa

et al. 2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oro-facial pain disorder of unknown cause. It is more common in peri-and post-menopausal women, and sex hormone dysregulation is believed to be an important causative factor. Psychosocial events often trigger or exacerbate symptoms, and persons with BMS appear to be predisposed towards anxiety and depression. Atrophy of small nerve fibres in the tongue epithelium has been reported, and potential neuropathic mechanisms for BMS are now widely investigated. Historically, BMS was thought to comprise endocrinological, psychosocial and neuropathic components. Neuroprotective steroids and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands may have pivotal roles in the peripheral mechanisms associated with atrophy of small nerve fibres. Denervation of chorda tympani nerve fibres that innervate fungiform buds leads to alternative trigeminal innervation, which results in dysgeusia and burning pain when eating hot foods. With regard to the central mechanism of BMS, depletion of neuroprotective steroids alters the brain network-related mood and pain modulation. Peripheral mechanistic studies support the use of topical clonazepam and capsaicin for the management of BMS, and some evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioural therapy. Hormone replacement therapy may address the causes of BMS, although adverse effects prevent its use as a first-line treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may have important benefits, and well-designed controlled studies are expected. Other treatment options to be investigated include brain stimulation and TSPO (translocator protein 18 kDa) ligands. K E Y W O R D Sburning mouth syndrome, central pain modulation, menopause, neuroprotective steroids | 575 IMAMURA et Al. | INTRODUC TI ONBurning mouth symptoms that occurred as secondary phenomena attributable to local conditions 1-9 were previously referred to as "secondary" burning mouth syndrome (BMS), 10 but BMS now refers only to burning symptoms not attributable to local or systemic causes. 11 After excluding such conditions, some common characteristics of BMS are important. Burning sensations are usually bilateral, and intensity fluctuates. 2 The most common site is the tip of the tongue, but pain is often noted at the lateral border of the tongue, lips and hard palate. 12 Affected persons often complain of dysgeusia, 13 which may be accompanied by subjective xerostomia. 14 Peri-and post-menopausal women are predisposed to the condition.Some patients exhibit depressive symptoms and anxiety 15-18 and may express concern regarding the presence of a malignant condition. 10,16 Psychosocial stressors can trigger or worsen pain, 15,19 while eating and drinking usually alleviate pain. 10,20 These manifestations are characteristic features of BMS and should not be excluded as secondary signs or symptoms of primary disease. Agreement on these clinical features yields important clues in understanding the underlying pathoph...

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“…Computational studies report, also for multi-electrode tDCS, that it is not possible to avoid delivering current to peripheral cortical regions while targeting deep structures (Sadleir et al, 2012;Wagner et al, 2016). In 2016, Cabib et al (Cabib et al, 2016) found that biemispheric (anode-C3, cathode-C4) and uniemispheric (anode-C3, cathode-Fp3) tDCS significantly changed BR excitability, and explained this result with a tDCS-induced supranuclear activation conveyed via cortico-reticular (Nonnekes et al, 2014) or cortico-nuclear connections (Berardelli et al, 1983;Fisher et al, 1979;Kuypers, 1958). Also, both BR and MIR arc rely on trigeminal nerve, which is constantly activated during tDCS as suggested by the fact that almost all subjects report different types of sensations under the electrodes (i.e., in the sensory territory of trigeminal nerve) (Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008 , 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, both BR and MIR arc rely on trigeminal nerve, which is constantly activated during tDCS as suggested by the fact that almost all subjects report different types of sensations under the electrodes (i.e., in the sensory territory of trigeminal nerve) (Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008 , 2008). The continuous sensory inputs via trigeminal afferents on brainstem interneurons may sensitize reflex circuits (Bologna et al, 2010;Manca et al, 2001;Mao & Evinger, 2001) and lead to the enhancement of reflex excitability (Cabib et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monopolar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might selectively affect brainstem reflex pathways: a computational and neurophysiological study.

Guidetti¹,

Bianchi

Parazzini³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Non-invasive deep brain stimulation is a novel field of research that aims to affect deep brain regions’ activity through non-invasive stimulation. Recent computational and clinical findings have fostered the interest on transcranial direct current stimulation as non-invasive deep brain stimulation techniques, and several optimization strategies have been tested. Multi-electrode transcranial direct current stimulation has shown the potential to selectively affect deep brain structures. Here, we assess whether arbitrarily chosen monopolar multi-electrode transcranial direct current stimulation montages might selectively affect deep brain structures through computational predictions and neurophysiological assessment. Electric field distribution in deep brain structures (i.e., thalamus and midbrain) were estimated through computational models simulating transcranial direct current stimulation with two monopolar and two monopolar multi-electrode montages. Monopolar multi-electrode transcranial direct current stimulation was then applied to healthy subject, and effects on pontine and medullary circuitries was evaluated studying changes in blink reflex and masseter inhibitory reflex. Computational results suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation with monopolar multi-electrode montages might induce electric field intensities in deep brain structure comparable to those in grey matter, while neurophysiological results disclosed that blink reflex and masseter inhibitory reflex were selectively modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation only when cathode was placed over the right deltoid. Therefore, multi-electrode transcranial direct current stimulation (anodes over motor cortices, cathode over right deltoid) could induce significant electric fields in the thalamus and midbrain, and selectively affect brainstem neural circuits. Such strategy should be further explored in the context of non-invasive deep brain stimulation.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Enhances the Excitability of Trigemino-Facial Reflex Circuits

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Localize Brain Function?

Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Localize Brain Function?

An updated review on pathophysiology and management of burning mouth syndrome with endocrinological, psychological and neuropathic perspectives

Monopolar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might selectively affect brainstem reflex pathways: a computational and neurophysiological study.

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