Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC) Enhances Figural Fluency: Implications for Creative Cognition

Ghanavati, Elham; Nejati, Vahid; Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali

doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0059-7

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Research on improvement in creativity after transcranial stimulation has also been focused on other brain areas, such as the anterior temporal lobe 7,33,34 , prefrontal cortex 10 , inferior frontal gyrus 9,35 and posterior parietal cortex 36,37 . Some studies have reported increased verbal divergent thinking (Alternate Uses Task) after cathodal stimulation over the left inferior frontal gyrus 9,35 .…”

Section: Effect Of Trns On Creativity Regarding Change Scores (Seementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in creativity after transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Peña

Sampedro

Ibarretxe‐Bilbao

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Improvement in creativity after transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNs) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortexJavier peña , Agurne sampedro, Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao, Leire Zubiaurre-elorza & Natalia ojeda Creativity has previously been shown to improve after the application of direct and alternating current transcranial stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLpFC). However, previous studies have not tested whether transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) was efficient for this purpose. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effect of tRNs on both verbal convergent and (verbal and visual) divergent thinking during left DLpFC tRNs stimulation. thirty healthy participants were randomly allocated to either a tRNs active group or a sham group. Each session lasted 20 min and the current was set to 1.5 mA (100-500 Hz). Participants' verbal convergent thinking was assessed with the Remote Associates test (RAt). Verbal and visual divergent thinking were respectively measured by using the Unusual Uses and picture Completion subtests from the torrance tests of Creative thinking. Bootstrapped analysis of variance showed significant differences in the mean change scores between the active tRNS group and the sham group in RAt scores (d = 1.68); unusual uses: fluency (d = 2.29) and originality (d = 1.43); and general creativity (d = 1.45). Visual divergent thinking, in contrast, did not show any significant improvement. Our results suggested that tRNS over the left DLPFC is effective for increasing verbal divergent and convergent thinking.Creativity plays a key role in many areas of human life, as has been previously suggested 1 . An increasing number of studies have attempted to investigate the neurological basis for creativity using either MRI 2,3 or EEG techniques 4 . Additional evidence of brain areas and networks related to creativity performance has come from studies that included noninvasive transcranial stimulation A review recently carried out by Weinberger et al. 5 indicated that creative cognition may involve two main processes: idea generation (which depends on the availability of unfiltered information), and idea selection (which includes task-directed thoughts and integration of semantically distant concepts). Each of these processes has been suggested to rely primarily on different neural mechanisms 6 .More specifically, idea generation has been mostly related to cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of the left inferior frontotemporal cortex, including the anterior temporal lobe 7,8 , inferior frontal gyrus 9 and prefrontal cortex 10 . This improvement in idea generation generally refers to divergent thinking. Divergent thinking has been defined as the ability to simultaneously establish remote associations between unrelated concepts from distant categories, as well as to generate multiple alternative and novel answers to a single problem 11 . For example, Chrysikou et al. 10 reported a higher number of uncommon use...

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Section: Effect Of Trns On Creativity Regarding Change Scores (Seementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in creativity after transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Peña

Sampedro

Ibarretxe‐Bilbao

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…This disengagement may favor divergent thinking and insight solutions. Ghanavati et al ( 2017 ) applied tDCS over the same brain site (both right and left PPC) during a figural fluency task. Results showed that participants produced more unique designs under anodal rPPC tDCS.…”

Section: Enhancing Creative Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Creativity Through Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). A Critical Review

Lucchiari

Sala

Vanutelli

2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Creativity, meant as the ability to produce novel, original and suitable ideas, has received increased attention by research in the last years, especially from neuroaesthetics and social neuroscience. Besides the research conducted on the neural correlates of such capacities, previous work tried to answer the question of whether it is possible to enhance creativity through cognitive and neural stimulation. In particular, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied to increase neuronal excitability in those areas related to creativity. However, being a complex construct that applies to a huge variety of situations, available results are often confusing and inconsistent. Thus, in the present critical review, after selecting original research articles investigating creativity with tDCS, results will be reviewed and framed according to the different effects of tDCS and its underlying mechanisms, which can be defined as follows: the promotion of self-focused attention; the disruption of inhibiting mechanisms; the enhancement of creative thinking; the promotion of artistic enactment. Finally, a theoretical perspective, the creative on/off model, will be provided to integrate the reported evidence with respect to both anatomical and functional issues and propose a cognitive explanation of the emergence of creative thinking.

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“…To modulate PPC activity, anode was placed over P4 site of the International 10-20 system of EEG electrode placement, while reference electrode was placed over the contralateral cheek. P4 has been commonly used for targeting right PPC in different tDCS studies (Ghanavati, Nejati, & Salehinejad, 2018;Roy et al, 2015;Wright & Krekelberg, 2014). In the active condition, the 1.5mA constant current was delivered for 20 minutes, with a gradual ramp up/down over first and last 60 seconds, respectively.…”

Section: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary findings of single session of noninvansive brain stimulation over parietal lobe and performance on spatial memory task

Čolić

Konstantinović

Bjekić

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Spatial memory relies on efficient encoding, storage and retrieval of spatial information, which enables us to remember paths or locations of objects in everyday life. Moreover, this type of memory has been shown to decline with age and various neurodegenerative disorders. Parietal cortex has been shown to play an important role in the formation of short-term representations of spatial information. The aim of the current study was to test the possibility of immediate and long-term spatial memory enhancement, by increasing excitability of parietal posterior cortex. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over posterior parietal cortex in a placebo-controlled cross-over study. Participants received anodal (1.5 mA) or sham tDCS stimulation over P4 site (10-20 EEG system) for 20 minutes in two separate sessions. Immediately after stimulation, participants completed a spatial maze task, which consisted of learning block, 2D recall, and 3D recall. Spatial memory performance was tested 24 hours and 7 days after stimulation, to assess potential long-term effects. We found no significant effects of anodal stimulation on spatial memory performance either on immediate or delayed recall. This was the case with both, 2D and 3D spatial memory recall. Our results are in line with some studies that suggest that single brain stimulation sessions do not always produce effects on cognitive functions.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC) Enhances Figural Fluency: Implications for Creative Cognition

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Improvement in creativity after transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Improvement in creativity after transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Promoting Creativity Through Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). A Critical Review

Preliminary findings of single session of noninvansive brain stimulation over parietal lobe and performance on spatial memory task

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