Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction audiometry

Nolan, M.; Lyon, David J.

doi:10.1017/s0022215100091155

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…However, that would significantly increase the measurement time and may add to the uncertainty due to fatigue. Moreover, the individual spread of the transcranial attenuation data was similar to other studies that have measured the transcranial attenuation of BC sound in humans (Nolan and Lyon, 1981;Stenfelt, 2012).…”

Section: Transcranial Attenuationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Binaural hearing ability with mastoid applied bilateral bone conduction stimulation in normal hearing subjects

Stenfelt

Zeitooni

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The ability to use binaural cues when stimulation was by bilaterally applied bone conduction (BC) transducers was investigated in 20 normal hearing participants. The results with BC stimulation were compared with normal air conduction (AC) stimulation through earphones. The binaural hearing ability was tested by spatial release from masking, binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), binaural masking level difference (BMLD) using chirp stimulation, and test of the precedence effect. In all tests, the participants revealed a benefit of bilateral BC stimulation indicating use of binaural cues. In the speech based tests, the binaural benefit for BC stimulation was approximately half that with AC stimulation. For the BC BMLD test with chirp stimulation, there were indications of superposition of the ipsilateral and contralateral pathways at the cochlear level affecting the results. The precedence effect test indicated significantly worse results for BC stimulation than for AC stimulation with low-frequency stimulation while they were close for high-frequency stimulation; broad-band stimulation gave results that were slightly worse than the high-frequency results

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Section: Transcranial Attenuationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Binaural hearing ability with mastoid applied bilateral bone conduction stimulation in normal hearing subjects

Stenfelt

Zeitooni

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…As seen previously, there was a substantial difference at low frequencies with open and occluded ear-canals; at frequencies of 1 kHz and above the two ways of estimating the transcranial transmission was similar. It can also be observed that the estimate from Nolan and Lyon (1981) was distinctively lower than from the other studies; it was only at 3 and 4 kHz that it was similar to the other three estimates. Even if they were not completely equal, the open ear estimate in this study was similar…”

Section: Comparisons With Previous Measurementssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In Fig. 6b the recently published results from 28 unilateral subjects (dotted line, Stenfelt (2012)) were included as well as the data from both normal hearing subjects and unilateral deaf subjects by Nolan and Lyon (1981) (dash-dotted line). As seen previously, there was a substantial difference at low frequencies with open and occluded ear-canals; at frequencies of 1 kHz and above the two ways of estimating the transcranial transmission was similar.…”

Section: Comparisons With Previous Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of bone conduction skull transmission by hearing thresholds and ear-canal sound pressure

Reinfeldt¹,

Stenfelt²,

Hȧkansson³

2013

Hearing Research

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Bone conduction sound transmission in the human skull and the occlusion effect were estimated from hearing thresholds and ear-canal sound pressure (ECSP) measured by a probe tube microphone when stimulation was at three positions on the skull (ipsilateral mastoid, contralateral mastoid, and forehead). The measurements were done with the ear-canal open as well as occluded by an ear-plug. Depending on the estimation method, transcranial transmission at frequencies below 1 kHz was between -8 and 5 dB, around 0 dB at 1 kHz that decreased with frequency to between -17 and -7 dB at 8 kHz. The forehead transmission was, except at frequencies between 1 and 2 kHz, similar to that proposed in the standard ISO:389-3 (1994) when the threshold measurements were conducted with open ear-canals. Compared with the same measurements using hearing thresholds, the ECSP gave similar transmission results at most frequencies, but differed at 0.5, 0.75, 2 and 3 kHz. One probable reason for the differences between thresholds and ECSP measures was a significant perception improvement (lower thresholds) when the stimulation was at the ipsilateral mastoid that was not found at the other positions. This improvement, which also was present in the occlusion effect data, was hypothesized to originate in greater sensitivity of the cochlea for vibration in line with the ipsilateral stimulation direction than from other directions.

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“…Because interaural attenuation in adults is much less for bone-conduction [10 dB on average at 250 to 4000 Hz (Nolan & Lyon, 1981)] compared with air-conduction [supra-aural: 40 to 50 dB on average at 250 to 4000 Hz (Goldstein & Newman,1994, p. 117); insert earphones with deep insertion: 69 to 94 dB on average at 500 to 4000 Hz (Sklare & Denenberg, 1987)] stimuli, it is difficult to determine how much each cochlea contributes to the resulting boneconduction ABR without using additional methods. Presenting masking noise to the ear contralateral to the test ear is often used to isolate the test ear; however, masking may not be practical when assessing infants because of the extra time required for testing, the difficulties of earphone placement, and the uncertainty about how much masking noise to use (Stapells & Ruben, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For adults, it is well documented that there is no more than 10 dB attenuation for a bone-conducted stimulus (Nolan & Lyon, 1981), consequently, ASSRs in the EEG channels ipsilateral and contralateral to the "test ear" are likely a combination of responses resulting from stimulation of both cochleae, not just the cochlea on the same side as the oscillator. Based on our boneconduction ASSR findings, individual infants have at least 10 to 30 dB of interaural attenuation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Ipsilateral/Contralateral Asymmetries in Infant Multiple Auditory Steady-State Responses to Air- and Bone-Conduction Stimuli

Small

Stapells

2008

Ear &Amp; Hearing

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Objectives: Two-channel recordings of infants' airand bone-conduction auditory brainstem responses to brief tones show ipsilateral and contralateral (to the stimulated ear) asymmetries which may be used to isolate which cochlea is the primary contributor to the response. The objective of this study was to determine whether similar ipsilateral/contralateral asymmetries are also present in the air-and boneconduction "brainstem" (77 to 101 Hz) auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) of infants.Design: Two-channel ASSRs were recorded in infants (2 to 11 mo) and adults (18 to 40 yr) with normal hearing. Multiple stimuli (carrier frequencies: 500 to 4000 Hz; amplitude/frequency modulated) were presented using a B-71 oscillator on the temporal bone or an ER3-A insert earphone. Bone-conduction ASSR amplitudes, phase delays, and thresholds were obtained for the electroencephalographic (EEG) channels ipsilateral and contralateral to the oscillator temporal-bone placement. Bone-conduction ASSRs were also obtained to the stimulus presented to the opposite temporal bone (at 40 dB HL only). Airconduction ASSR amplitudes and phase delays were obtained at 60 dB HL in each ear for the EEG channels ipsilateral and contralateral to the transducer.Results: Infants showed more ipsilateral/contralateral asymmetries in both air-and bone-conduction ASSRs compared with adults. Mean bone-conduction ASSR thresholds in infants were 13 to 15 dB higher (i.e., poorer) in the contralateral EEG channel compared with the ipsilateral EEG channel for 500 to 4000 Hz. In adults, there were no large differences (i.e., within 1 dB) between ipsilateral and contralateral ASSR thresholds. Based on ipsilateral/ contralateral threshold differences in infants, interaural attenuation for bone-conducted stimuli was estimated to be at least 10 to 30 dB for most infants. In contrast, most adults showed little interaural attenuation for bone-conducted stimuli.ASSR amplitudes are larger and phase delays are shorter in the ipsilateral EEG channel. For infants, the difference in air-conduction ASSR amplitude between EEG channels was twice that observed for adults. Infants also had greater ASSR amplitude differences between EEG channels for bone-conduction stimuli compared with adults, but the difference was less than that seen for air-conduction stimuli. For air-conduction stimuli, infants had significantly longer phase delays in the contralateral EEG channel compared with the ipsilateral EEG channel. Adults showed no significant differences in air-conduction ASSR phase delay between EEG channels. For bone-conduction stimuli, both infants and adults had significantly longer phase delays in the contralateral EEG channel compared with the ipsilateral EEG channel; the differences in ASSR phase delays between EEG channels were much smaller in infants compared with adults and fewer adults had absent responses in the contralateral EEG channels compared with infants (12% versus 34%). When the transducers were switched to the opposite ear/mastoid, the infant and adult ipsi...

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Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction audiometry

Cited by 64 publications

References 19 publications

Binaural hearing ability with mastoid applied bilateral bone conduction stimulation in normal hearing subjects

Binaural hearing ability with mastoid applied bilateral bone conduction stimulation in normal hearing subjects

Estimation of bone conduction skull transmission by hearing thresholds and ear-canal sound pressure

Normal Ipsilateral/Contralateral Asymmetries in Infant Multiple Auditory Steady-State Responses to Air- and Bone-Conduction Stimuli

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