Transcontinental radio tomographic chain: First results of ionospheric imaging

Analysis of the Temporal Structural Function of Tropospheric Delay of Radio Waves Using Radio Measurements of the Signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems

“…The tropospheric refractive index n depends on pressure P , temperature τ , and moisture ε as follows [4]:…”

“…The above results allow one to discuss the quantitative characteristics of the mesoscale irregularities of the above-mentioned size (including their altitude variability [4]). …”

“…There are publications on the tropospheric studies using global navigational satellite systems [1,4,5], but works on the study of the temporal and spatial features of the mesoscale tropospheric irregularities are very few. As opposed to [1,4,5], in this work we use the method of structural functions for the receiver network in Kazan [7] and only the single-frequency measurements are used for calculations, which significantly reduces the equipment cost.…”

“…As opposed to [1,4,5], in this work we use the method of structural functions for the receiver network in Kazan [7] and only the single-frequency measurements are used for calculations, which significantly reduces the equipment cost. This method is described in more detail in [7].…”

“…The use of the data collected with the help of the GLONASS and GPS systems for a long-term time interval becomes more and more important in modern radiophysics [1][2][3][4] for various applied and research purposes. In the general case, the processing of this data yields an actually instantaneous "multidimensional" field of the values of the physical atmospheric parameters, which allows us to study the extremely complicated structure of the dynamics of the troposphere and its irregularities in fact simultaneously with the receivedsignal measurements [5,6].…”