Transcontinental Dissemination of the L2b/D-Da Recombinant <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Strain: Need of Broad Multi-Country Molecular Surveillance

Borges, Vítor; Isidro, Joana; Correia, Cristina Belo; Cordeiro, Dora; Vieira, Luı́s; Lodhia, Zohra; Fernandes, Cândida; Rodrigues, Ana Maria; Azevedo, Jacinta; Alves, João M. P.; Roxo, João; Rocha, Miguel; Côrte‐Real, Rita; Toscano, Cristina; Pessanha, Maria Ana; Nissan, Israel; Pilo, Shlomo; Rorman, Efrat; Dveyrin, Zeev; Paitan, Yossi; Paran, Haim; Wagner-Kolasko, Gal; Beirnes, Jennifer; Gibbons, Suzanne; Severini, Alberto; Borrego, Maria José; Gomes, João Paulo

doi:10.1093/cid/ciab067

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similarly, recent evidence has suggested that clinically relevant recombination events have occurred between two C. trachomatis strains (serovar D and LGV). Recent outbreaks of LGV (L2b strain) within men who have sex with men (MSM) populations have resulted in genetic recombination of the omp A gene from non-LGV strains ( Borges et al., 2019 ; Borges et al., 2021 ). A previously undetected outbreak of LGV may have gone undiagnosed due to over- reliance on the omp A gene for identification.…”

Section: Whole Genome Phylogenies Resolve Fine-detail Relationships B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further genomic analysis found that the C. trachomatis L2B strain had undergone genetic recombination, acquiring omp A from the non-LGV strain C. trachomatis D-Da ( Borges et al., 2019 ). Furthermore, follow-up studies have indicated that this L2b/D-Da variant is spreading across Europe and, with the continued reliance on omp A for strain identification, the probability of further dissemination across the globe is high ( Borges et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Whole Genome Phylogenies Resolve Fine-detail Relationships B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome organization and genomics in Chlamydia: whole genome sequencing increases understanding of chlamydial virulence, evolution, and phylogeny

Luu

Kasimov

Phillips

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The genus Chlamydia contains important obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens to humans and animals, including C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. Since 1998, when the first Chlamydia genome was published, our understanding of how these microbes interact, evolved and adapted to different intracellular host environments has been transformed due to the expansion of chlamydial genomes. This review explores the current state of knowledge in Chlamydia genomics and how whole genome sequencing has revolutionised our understanding of Chlamydia virulence, evolution, and phylogeny over the past two and a half decades. This review will also highlight developments in multi-omics and other approaches that have complemented whole genome sequencing to advance knowledge of Chlamydia pathogenesis and future directions for chlamydial genomics.

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Section: Whole Genome Phylogenies Resolve Fine-detail Relationships B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Whole Genome Phylogenies Resolve Fine-detail Relationships B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome organization and genomics in Chlamydia: whole genome sequencing increases understanding of chlamydial virulence, evolution, and phylogeny

Luu

Kasimov

Phillips

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The ompA gene of C. trachomatis can be inserted into different genomic backbones through potential gene recombination. However, the recombination of ompA may happen most likely between L strain and I/J/K strains or between ocular and urogenital branches or between L2b and D-Da strains ( Somboonna et al, 2011 ; Harris et al, 2012 ; Matičič et al, 2016 ; Borges et al, 2021 ). Hadfield et al (2017) reported that in their comprehensive global genome dynamic analysis of C. trachomatis , only serovar D and J appeared in both monophyletic lineage T1 and T2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of mixed infections of Chlamydia trachomatis via high-throughput sequencing

Zhao

Shui²,

Luo³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Precise genotyping is necessary to understand epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Chlamydia trachomatis infection with different genotypes. Next-generation high-throughput sequencing (NGHTS) has opened new frontiers in microbial genotyping, but has been clinically characterized in only a few settings. This study aimed to determine C. trachomatis genotypes in particular mixed-genotype infections and their association with clinical manifestations and to characterize the sensitivity and accuracy of NGHTS. Cervical specimens were collected from 8,087 subjects from physical examination center (PEC), assisted reproductive technology center (ART) and gynecology clinics (GC) of Chenzhou Hospital of China. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis was 3.8% (311/8087) whereas a prevalence of 2.8, 3.7 and 4.8% was found in PEC, ART and GC, respectively. The most frequent three C. trachomatis genotypes were E (27.4%, 83/303), F (21.5%, 65/303) and J (18.2%, 55/303). Moreover, NGHTS identified 20 (6.6%, 20/303) mixed-genotype infections of C. trachomatis. Genotype G was more often observed in the subjects with pelvic inflammatory disease than genotype E (adjusted OR = 3.61, 95%CI, 1.02–12.8, p = 0.046). Mixed-genotype infection was associated with severe vaginal cleanliness (degree IV) with an adjusted OR of 5.17 (95%CI 1.03–25.9, p = 0.046) whereas mixed-genotype infection with large proportion of minor genotypes was associated with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) with an adjusted OR of 5.51 (95%CI 1.17–26.01, p = 0.031). Our results indicated that NGHTS is a feasible tool to identity C. trachomatis mixed-genotype infections, which may be associated with worse vaginal cleanliness and cervical SIL.

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“…These problems contribute to the silent spread of this microorganism ( Martínez-García et al, 2021 ). Therefore, improved screening ( Rodríguez-Domínguez et al, 2022 ) and discovery of new genetic markers, which can be easily implemented in molecular surveillance, could help better understand the LGV epidemic ( Borges et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific high-resolution scheme to improve understanding of the spatio-temporal dispersion of lymphogranuloma venereum epidemic

et al. 2022

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IntroductionLymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is already endemic in vulnerable populations in several European countries; however, molecular epidemiology data with improved accuracy are necessary to better understand LGV epidemic in these countries. Current strategies to study the molecular epidemiology of LGV cases involve schemes based on a few genetic fragments of Chlamydia trachomatis, which have demonstrated limited discriminatory power for LGV. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a new combination of molecular markers based on the most variable genes of L-genotype genomes to improve the characterization of the current LGV epidemic in Madrid, Spain.MethodsFour genes were selected according to their diversity index (CTLon_0054, CTLon_0087, CTLon_0243 and CTLon_0301) for use in combination with ompA. In silico and experimental studies were performed to compare the previously described multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes with our proposal. Moreover, the proposed scheme was applied (n = 68) to analyze the spatio-temporal spread of the LGV cases.ResultsOur proposal demonstrated higher diversity allowing the identification of three main groups compared to the previously published MLST based on hypervariable genes wherein only a single sequence type was identified. The temporal analysis showed that the major cluster was progressively diversifying, revealing a very active transmission chain. Furthermore, an L2b genome identical to that of the origin of the epidemic was detected, suggesting reintroductions or a low screening rate in vulnerable populations. The spatial distribution suggests that the selection and spread of new variants occurs from the central district to the peripheral regions.DiscussionThe scheme proposed in this study has proven to be useful for appropriate discrimination of LGV strains. This study, to our knowledge for the first time, demonstrates a spatio-temporal spread that increases our understanding and identifies areas with special susceptibility for maintenance of the endemic situation of LGV.

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Transcontinental Dissemination of the L2b/D-Da Recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Strain: Need of Broad Multi-Country Molecular Surveillance

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Genome organization and genomics in Chlamydia: whole genome sequencing increases understanding of chlamydial virulence, evolution, and phylogeny

Genome organization and genomics in Chlamydia: whole genome sequencing increases understanding of chlamydial virulence, evolution, and phylogeny

Identification and characterization of mixed infections of Chlamydia trachomatis via high-throughput sequencing

Specific high-resolution scheme to improve understanding of the spatio-temporal dispersion of lymphogranuloma venereum epidemic

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