“…The primary ICD-10 and ICD-9 codes were used for statistical analysis, reporting high prevalences of HF and CADs, as well as declining trend in 1-year mortality among CVD patients [ 57 ]. Similarly, populational trend evaluations were performed for atrial fibrillation [ 58 ], left atrial appendage occlusion procedures [ 59 ], transcatheter aortic valve implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement operations [ 60 ], implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy [ 61 ]. Furthermore, NLP technology allows for the in-depth EHR assessment of social determinants, which are non-medical factors impacting patient health outcomes [ 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”