“…Since Porstmann et al reported on the first transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus [14], a myriad of devices have been developed including: the Rashkind device, Buttoned device, butallooccluder device, and various coils [2,10,11,15,16]. The Rashkind device has fallen out of favor [13] due to the inherent complications associated with its use including residual shunting (varying between 3 and 38%) [17], device embolization, and impaired pulmonary blood flow, especially in smaller children [4,[18][19][20].…”