Transatlantic disjunction in fleshy fungi III: Gymnopus confluens

Abstract

Phylogeographic data indicate that DNA differences consistently exist between the North American and European allopatric populations of Gymnopus confluens. Conversely, pairing experiments show that collections from both populations were sexually compatible in vitro and detailed morphological examinations of numerous fresh and dried basidiomata do not produce qualitative differences. Percent ITS sequence divergence between Europe and North American collections of G. confluens was 3.25%. Species delineation metrics including Rosenberg's P AB statistic, P ID metrics, R RD (randomly distributed) and PTP (Poisson Tree Processes) gave mixed indications that North American and European populations were distinct at species rank. The North American populations are described as Gymnopus confluens subsp. campanulatus (Peck) R.H. Petersen.

Fungal foraging behaviour and hyphal space exploration in micro-structured Soil Chips

“…The species showing the starkest contrasts in this respect were C. angulatus and G. confluens , where the former grew as quick and far as possible, while the latter grew much longer distances when structural obstacles needed to be passed. We expect that those strategies would be successful for different types of foraging (Table S1 ): C. angulatus is commonly found in burnt areas on charcoal debris and thus is specialised in opportunistic exploitation of easily available resources and relief from competition [ 34 , 35 ], while G. confluens is a litter decayer of hardwood and coniferous needles [ 36 ] and should therefore be more adapted to withstand competition while exploiting resources with heavy exoenzyme investments. L. gentianeus is also known to grow on needles from coniferous trees [ 37 ], but is a dense-growing phalanx-type forager.…”

Two new species of Collybiopsis (Agaricales, Omphalotaceae) from Eastern North America

“…The pileipellis is a poorly developed Gymnopus structure ( Hughes and Petersen 2015 ), with only a few “diverticulate” hyphal termini as described by Halling (1983) ; typical of section Subfumosae . Conversely, the typical Ramealis pileipellis structure is quite different.…”

“…The fragmentation and rearrangement of the agaricoid Omphalotaceae , Marasmius and Marasmiellus is ongoing as molecular data identifies new taxa and associations ( Owings and Desjardin 1997 ; Wilson and Desjardin 2005 ; Matheny et al 2006 ; Mata et al 2007 ; Hughes and Petersen 2015 ; Petersen and Hughes 2016 ; Petersen and Hughes 2017 ; Petersen and Hughes 2021 ). This understudied group of small gymnopoid mushrooms will continue to enlarge as environmental studies identify new members and define their niches.…”

Collybiopsis pakistanica (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a new mushroom species from Margalla Hills, Pakistan and two new combinations

“…Moreover, the morphology of their basidiocarps varies greatly depending on developmental stages and environmental conditions. That's why molecular data play a vital role in distinguishing these genera (Antonín and Herink 1999, Hughes et al 2014, Hughes and Peterson 2015). Through molecular approaches, the classification of Collybiopsis has undergone huge changes.…”