Transarterial Embolization in Maxillofacial Intractable Potentially Life-Threatening Hemorrhage

Abstract

The reported high rate of success could be the result of careful techniques, appropriate preoperative imaging, highly professional personnel, and intraoperative and perioperative treatments.

Transarterial embolization of the external carotid artery in the treatment of life-threatening haemorrhage following blunt maxillofacial trauma

“…Two studies authored by Noy et al and by Hayes et al investigating intractable maxillofacial bleeding of various aetiologies, including but not limited to trauma, enrolling 74 patients in total, found TAE to be efficacious in 89.1 -90.0%. 38,39 A study by Liao et al focusing exclusively on trauma-related oronasal bleeding enrolling 34 patients discovered TAE to be efficacious in 79.4%. 40 The data collected in Table 1 show that the efficacy of TAE ECA ranges from 79.4% to 100%, with the largest series attaining the perfect success rate comprising 10 cases.…”

“…investigating intractable maxillofacial bleeding of various aetiologies, including but not limited to trauma, enrolling 74 patients in total, found TAE to be efficacious in 89.1 - 90.0%. 38 , 39 A study by Liao et al . focusing exclusively on trauma-related oronasal bleeding enrolling 34 patients discovered TAE to be efficacious in 79.4%.…”

Management of Penetrating Maxillofacial Trauma as a Result of Industrial Accident: Report of an Unusual Case

“…If severe maxillofacial hemorrhage is not amenable to direct ligation of the bleeding vessel or cannot be controlled by local conservative means, selective angiography with embolization is the treatment of choice. 15,16 However, if angiography remains unsuccessful, surgical reexploration and ligation of the bleeding vessel and ultimately ligation of external carotid artery and its major branches are effective options for management of acute maxillofacial hemorrhage. It is noteworthy that continued blood loss could still occur due to the presence of rich arterial collaterals or venous tributaries.…”

Untitled

“…Persistent bleeding from collateral circulation can be accounted for in the same or in subsequent session. Noy, et al found that 78.5% of the cases respond to only one TAE session [36]. Although highly selective and successful, TAE may not be possible in cases of vasospasm or torturous vessels.…”