“…Rather than adhering to pure NOTES or waiting for the development of more sophisticated instruments, these problems have led to the development of a hybrid NOTES technique, utilizing specific endoscopic or laparoscopic skills [5]. For example, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has become an established therapeutic option for the treatment of achalasia [5,6,7,8], and transanal total mesorectal excision (TME), a hybrid of transanal NOTES and single port laparoscopy, is a new, minimally invasive type of surgery used for colorectal resection [9,10,11,12,13]. …”