Transamination

Meister, Alton

doi:10.1002/9780470122617.ch4

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…TH is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 18,19 which is a precursor of the important neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline), and it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress enhances progression of periodontitis via α1-adrenergic signaling: a potential target for periodontal disease therapy

Wang

et al. 2014

Exp Mol Med

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This study assessed the roles of chronic stress (CS) in the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and explored the underlying mechanisms of periodontitis. Using an animal model of periodontitis and CS, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the protein levels of the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) were assessed. Furthermore, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the process of inflammation. The proliferation of the HPDLFs and the expression of α1-AR and β2-AR were assessed. The inflammatory-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were detected after pretreatment with the α1/β2-AR blockers phentolamine/propranolol, both in vitro and in vivo. Results show that periodontitis under CS conditions enhanced the expression of TH, α1-AR and β2-AR. Phentolamine significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, we observed a marked decrease in HPDLF proliferation and the increased expression of α1-ARfollowing LPS pretreatment. Pretreatment with phentolamine dramatically ameliorated LPS-inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, the blocking of α1-ARsignaling also hindered the upregulation of the inflammatory-related cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. These results suggest that CS can significantly enhance the pathological progression of periodontitis by an α1-adrenergic signaling-mediated inflammatory response. We have identified a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease, particularly in those patients suffering from concurrent CS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress enhances progression of periodontitis via α1-adrenergic signaling: a potential target for periodontal disease therapy

Wang

et al. 2014

Exp Mol Med

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“…Only significantly elevated AST was detected compared to control; therefore, we did not consider higher disruption of amino acid metabolism. Higher level of ATS would indicate a greater energy demand which is normally associated with synthesizing activities of the cell (Meister 1955). Slight increases in Ca 2+ level after exposure in MS 222 were reported by Congleton (2006) and Soivio et al (1977), but not significantly different from the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Haematological and biochemical response of burbot (Lota lota L.) exposed to four different anaesthetics

Svacina¹,

Priborsky²,

Blecha³

et al. 2016

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to compare the effect of four anaesthetics on haematological and biochemical blood profiles in burbot Lota lota L. Blood profiles of burbot were evaluated 10 min and 24 h after anaesthesia with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222) (100 mg/l), clove oil (33 mg/l), 2-phenoxyethanol (0.3 ml/l), Propiscin (1 ml/l) and compared to non-anaesthetized control. The tested anaesthetics had no effect on haematological profile of burbot. The exposure to clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol, and Propiscin significantly (P < 0.01) influenced the level of ammonia and glucose. The level of lactate was significantly (P < 0.01) increased following anaesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin. The levels of total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and calcium were higher (P < 0.01) with clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol, and Propiscin compared to control. The use of MS 222 showed the lowest effect on haematological and biochemical blood profile and is recommended as a suitable anaesthetic for burbot.

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“…This was supported by studies investigating the conversion of glutamate to other amino acids in pigeon muscles, started in 1936 by the Russian enzymologist Alexander E. Braunstein, which demonstrated that these reactions were catalyzed by pyridoxine-dependent enzymes (Braunstein and Kritzman, 1946). The ensuing discovery of the variety of reactions catalyzed by PLP-dependent enzymes, including transamination (Cammarata and Cohen, 1950;Meister, 1955;Jenkins and Sizer, 1957), racemization (Wood and Gunsalus, 1951), decarboxylation (Mandeles et al, 1954;Rothberg and Steinberg, 1957) and side-chain 5 elimination or rearrangement (Yanofsky and Reissig, 1953;Matsuo, 1958), was the starting point for research investigating the catalytic versatility of PLP and the mechanism whereby the protein component of the enzyme regulates cofactor chemistry (Snell, 1953;Ikawa and Snell, 1954;Longenecker, 1957a;Longenecker et al, 1957b) .…”

Section: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (Plp) Cofactormentioning

confidence: 94%

Exploration of the determinants of substrate and reaction specificity in the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes of the transsulfuration pathways

Lodha¹

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Transamination

Cited by 27 publications

References 212 publications

Chronic stress enhances progression of periodontitis via α1-adrenergic signaling: a potential target for periodontal disease therapy

Chronic stress enhances progression of periodontitis via α1-adrenergic signaling: a potential target for periodontal disease therapy

Haematological and biochemical response of burbot (Lota lota L.) exposed to four different anaesthetics

Exploration of the determinants of substrate and reaction specificity in the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes of the transsulfuration pathways

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