Transalkylation and isomerization of ortho-diethylbenzene with benzene using trifluoromethanesulphonic acid catalyst: kinetic analysis

Superacid‐Catalyzed Reactions

“…[283][284][285] ortho-Diethylbenzene and benzene reacting in 1:1 molar ratio at 35 C gave ethylbenzene in 49% yield in 6 h. 285 An even higher yield was obtained with para-diethylbenzene (51% at 22 C), whereas meta-diethylbenzene produced ethylbenzene only in 29% yield. The aim is to find the best condition for the preparation of ethylbenzene.…”

Mathematical Modeling of Liquid-Phase Alkylation of Benzene with Ethylene Considering the Process Unsteadiness

“…The discovery of medium- and large-pore zeolites possessing acid sites of strong and medium strength, bound to the zeolite framework inside the pores, has opened a new era of technologies for the alkylation of aromatics, and reactions of alkyl aromatics in general. − Numerous scientific publications appeared on the ways to improve and examine various aspects of zeolite-based manufacture of ethylbenzene, ,− suggesting a novel industrial process for highly selective ethylbenzene production, , avoiding catalyst deactivation, and an approach to reduce the energy consumption . There are also reports on transalkylation or disproportion reactions occurring simultaneously with alkylation. , There are several mathematical models developed for the description of the operation of alkylation reactors. − …”

“…30 There are also reports on transalkylation or disproportion reactions occurring simultaneously with alkylation. 14,31 There are several mathematical models developed for the description of the operation of alkylation reactors. 31−33 Nevertheless, despite the fact that zeolite-based alkylation technologies are widespread, many refineries, especially in Russia and China, still use the liquid acidic catalysts.…”

Efeito do cromo nas propriedades catalíticas da MCM-41

“…Cerca de 40% das plantas industriais de etilbenzeno, em nível mundial, emprega o processo de alquilação de Friedel-Crafts, baseado em catalisadores à base de cloreto de alumínio, implementado comercialmente na década de 50 1 . Entretanto, nos últimos vinte anos, os custos operacionais associados à corrosividade do cloreto de alumí-nio e os problemas de manuseio e descarte desse catalisador motivaram os fabricantes a buscarem processos alternativos, empregando catalisadores ácidos sólidos 1,[3][4][5] . As vantagens desses materiais, em relação aos ácidos líquidos, são a diminuição do risco de corrosão e a eliminação de problemas ambientais 6 .…”

“…Estes sistemas apresentam as vantagens de serem facilmente manuseados e poderem ser empregados em processos simples e versáteis, permitindo uma fácil regeneração do catalisador e a eliminação de problemas como a corrosão e os riscos ambientais 2,5 . Dessa forma, vários novos catalisadores, assim como diversos processos alternativos, foram propostos para plantas industriais baseadas em reações de transalquilação 1,3,7,8 . A transalquilação é um processo de conversão de compostos aromáticos, por reações de transferência de grupos alquílicos, através do mecanismo de formação de íons carbônio, como mostram as Equações 1 e 2 1,5,7,8 .…”