Transaction Model Based on Stackelberg Game Method for Balancing Supply and Demand Sides of Multi-Energy Microgrid

Abstract

To improve the coordination and complementarity of multiple energy sources, balancing the interests of different participants in a multi-energy system is of great importance. However, traditional centralized optimization can hardly reflect the game relationship between supply side and demand sides. A trading model based on the Stackelberg game model is proposed in this paper to balance the interests of the supply side and demand side and reduce the carbon emissions. First of all, the process of trading between the supply side and demand side based on smart contracts is described. A contractual consensus is obtained through an internal game, and the transaction is completed automatically. Secondly, a bilevel optimization model is established to coordinate the benefits of both parties based on the Stackelberg game model. The energy operator acts as a leader, and considers the two objectives, i.e., maximizing net income and minimizing carbon emissions, and uses the linear weighting method to convert the dual objectives into single objective. Users act as followers and aim to increase the comprehensive benefits, including energy cost and comfort. Then, Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality condition is used to transform the bilevel optimization model into an equivalent single-level model. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method can coordinate the economic interests of both sides of supply and demand and effectively reduce the carbon emissions of the energy operator.

Multi-Function Collaborative Flexible Source-Load Intelligent Interactive Operation Control Technology for Industrial Communities

“…Through real-time monitoring of the status of each node of power generation, transmission, distribution, electricity consumption, energy storage and the working status of the monitoring system, combined with the dynamic monitoring of meteorological, forest fires, dense transmission channels and other control systems closely related to the power grid [17]. Specifically, geographic GIS maps are used to display typhoon names, wind circle size and intensity, predicted paths and possible equipment, and to present the dynamics of typhoon evolution based on typhoon forecast data; By integrating the forecast data such as typhoon path, typhoon grade and typhoon radius with the relevant data of transmission lines, intelligent identification based on multiple fault sets such as typhoon path, typhoon grade and typhoon radius can be realized and incorporated into the static security analysis of the power system to evaluate the potential damage of typhoon to the power system and put forward the prediction of typhoon damage level [18]. Power supply planning, load forecasting, new energy generation forecasting and unit control space data of "net-provincial-land-county" level are proposed based on the traditional track model algorithm.…”

Stackelberg game-based optimal electricity trading method for distribution networks with small-micro industrial parks

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Electricity market clearing for multiple stakeholders based on the Stackelberg game

“…Furthermore, the operation of the generation units can only be optimized after obtaining the market clearing results, so it has lower flexibility. A trading model based on the Stackelberg game model is proposed by Wei et al (2022) to balance the interests of the supply side and demand side and reduce the carbon emissions. To solve the problems of environmental pollution and conflict of interests among multiple stakeholders in the integrated energy system, Wang et al (2022) proposed a novel collaborative optimization strategy for a low-carbon economy in the integrated energy system based on the carbon trading mechanism and Stackelberg game theory.…”