Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer

Abstract

Reeves’ muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi) are a small cervid species native to southeast Asia, and are currently being investigated as a potential model of prion disease transmission and pathogenesis. Vertical transmission is an area of interest among researchers studying infectious diseases, including prion disease, and these investigations require efficient methods for evaluating the effects of maternal infection on reproductive performance. Ultrasonographic examination is a well-established tool for diagnosing pregnancy and assessing fetal health in many animal species1–7, including several species of farmed cervids8–19, however this technique has not been described in Reeves’ muntjac deer. Here we describe the application of transabdominal ultrasound to detect pregnancy in muntjac does and to evaluate fetal growth and development throughout the gestational period. Using this procedure, pregnant animals were identified as early as 35 days following doe-buck pairing and this was an effective means to safely monitor the pregnancy at regular intervals. Future goals of this work will include establishing normal fetal measurement references for estimation of gestational age, determining sensitivity and specificity of the technique for diagnosing pregnancy at various stages of gestation, and identifying variations in fetal growth and development under different experimental conditions.

Aspects of the husbandry and management of captive cervids

“…For mating, 1 male can be housed with 1 to 6 females. We have successfully assessed pregnancy status and fetal age using abdominal ultrasound 4 . Fawns are born 0.5–1 kg, begin eating solid food at 3–4 weeks post-birth and nurse for up to 3 months.…”