Transabdominal sonography of the normal gastroesophageal junction in children

Esposito, Francesco; Lombardi, Romilda; Grasso, Angela; Doležalová, Hana; Sodano, A; Tarantino, L.; Giorgio, Antonio

doi:10.1002/jcu.1043

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, visualization of the thoracic esophagus using transthoracic sonography is limited by the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and lungs. Some previous studies 3,5 indicated that a short lower portion of the thoracic esophagus could be demonstrated by transabdominal sonography through the window of the left lobe of the liver. But visualization of the majority of the thoracic esophagus has been considered difficult and even impossible.…”

Section: Received 25 November 2003; Accepted 13 April 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean demonstrable length of the thoracic esophagus was 10.2 ± 1.9 cm and the mean thickness 3.2 ± 0.3 mm. Keywords: esophagus; thoracic esophagus; ultrasonography C onventional sonography has been used widely, in both children and adults, for the noninvasive evaluation of the abdominal [1][2][3][4][5] and cervical 6-9 esophagus. However, visualization of the thoracic esophagus using transthoracic sonography is limited by the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and lungs.…”

Section: Received 25 November 2003; Accepted 13 April 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sonographic demonstration of the normal thoracic esophagus

Zhu

Liu

Luo

et al. 2004

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Section: Received 25 November 2003; Accepted 13 April 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Received 25 November 2003; Accepted 13 April 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic demonstration of the normal thoracic esophagus

Zhu

Liu

Luo

et al. 2004

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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“…However, children do not tolerate barium x-ray studies well, and endoscopy is an invasive method. 1,2 Most of the sonographic studies in children with diseases of the esophagus use high-resolution endoscopic sonography, which has been found to be a useful imaging technique for evaluation of the thickness of the esophageal wall and mucosal and submucosal lesions and the extent of lesions involving the deeper structures of the esophagus in congenital esophageal stenosis, corrosive esophagitis, esophageal atresia, eosinophilic esophagitis, and gastroesophageal reflux. [3][4][5][6][7] However, endoscopic sonography is an invasive method for assessing the esophageal wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Sonography for Evaluation of the Cervical and Thoracic Esophagus in Children

Palabıyık

Bayramoğlu

Güner

et al. 2012

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the normal sonographic appearance of the cervical and thoracic esophagus and to provide corresponding measurements in healthy children. Methods In this prospective study, 93 children (51 girls and 42 boys) 1 to 15 years of age were examined sonographically. With the patient in a supine position for evaluation of the cervical esophagus, the ultrasound transducer was placed on both sides of the trachea. To evaluate the thoracic esophagus, the hands were raised over the head, and the ultrasound transducer was placed along the left side of the sternum. The length of the cervical esophagus was measured longitudinally, and the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the cervical and thoracic esophagus were measured transversely, as was the thickness of the cervical esophageal wall. Results The cervical esophagus was identified in all of the children, whereas the thoracic esophagus was shown in 41 (44%) of the 93 participants. The length of the cervical esophagus and anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the cervical and thoracic esophagus increased with age. The mean thickness of the cervical esophagus was 2.8 mm at all ages. The cervical esophageal wall appeared as 5 layers on the sonograms, and the lumen was distinct. Conclusions Evaluation of the cervical esophagus was readily achievable with sonography in children, whereas visualization of the thoracic esophagus was difficult because of the deep location, small size, and influence of bones and gas in the lungs. Conventional sonography can be easily used in the evaluation of cervical esophageal diseases in children.

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“…The cervical esophagus can be sonographically evaluated, considering its lateral location in relation to the trachea, and because of its proximity to the surface and interposition of soft tissue such as the left thyroid lobe (12) . In healthy individuals, the intra-abdominal segment of the esophagus is easily accessible by ultrasonography because of its posterior positioning in relation to the left hepatic lobe acting as an access window for ultrasound imaging (a relatively homogeneous organ that displaces the bowel loops with gas) (13)(14)(15) . In the present study, the method demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between ETTs with water and yogurt and between genders, which was not observed with the individuals in dorsal decubitus (10) , although a possible cause could be the individuals positioning (orthostasis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avaliação do tempo de trânsito esofágico pelo ultrassom: influência do gênero e índice de massa corpórea

et al. 2011

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Objective: To utilize intra-abdominal esophagus ultrasonography to evaluate esophageal transit time for water and yogurt in orthostatic position, and to evaluate the influence of gender and body mass index. Materials and Methods: The present study included 89 young adults [40 women (mean age, 20.13 ± 1.62 years) and 49 men (mean age, 20.43 ± 2.17 years)] who did not show upper gastrointestinal tract disorder. Esophageal transit time was measured with the patient in orthostatic position during water and yogurt swallowing. Results: Esophageal transit time for women and men was, respectively, 5.84 ± 1.60 seconds versus 6.66 ± 1.68 seconds with water, and 9.12 ± 1.96 seconds versus 9.28 ± 1.70 seconds with yogurt. No difference between genders was observed in spite of the lower body mass index in women. Conclusion: Data regarding esophageal transit time for liquid (water) and pasty (yogurt) food swallowed by young adults in the orthostatic position did not demonstrate any difference between genders even in women with lower body mass index as compared with men. Keywords: Ultrasonography; Intra-abdominal esophagus; Body mass index.Objetivo: Utilizar a ultrassonografia do esôfago intra-abdominal para avaliar o tempo de trânsito esofágico para água e iogurte, em posição ortostática, e avaliar a influência do gênero e índice de massa corpórea. Materiais e Métodos: Foram estudados 89 indivíduos adultos jovens, sem clínica de doenças do trato gastrintestinal superior, sendo 40 do gênero feminino (média de 20,13 ± 1,62 anos) e 49 do gênero masculino (média de 20,43 ± 2,17 anos). O tempo de trânsito esofágico foi cronometrado, com o paciente em posição ortostática, durante a deglutição de água e iogurte. Resultados: O tempo de trânsito esofágico para as mulheres e para os homens foi, respectivamente: para água, de 5,84 ± 1,60 segundos versus 6,66 ± 1,68 segundos, e para iogurte, de 9,12 ± 1,96 segundos versus 9,28 ± 1,70 segundos. Não se constatou diferença entre os gêneros masculino e feminino, apesar de o fator índice de massa corpórea ser menor nas mulheres. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos do tempo de trânsito esofágico para alimento líquido (água) e pastoso (iogurte), em posição ortostática, em adultos jovens não mostraram diferença entre os gêneros, mesmos nas mulheres com índice de massa corpórea menor em relação aos homens. Unitermos: Ultrassonografia; Esôfago intra-abdominal; Índice de massa corpórea. AbstractResumo

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Transabdominal sonography of the normal gastroesophageal junction in children

Abstract: Our results indicate that visualization of the gastroesophageal junction and measurement of the abdominal esophagus are readily achievable with real-time sonography in healthy children.

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Sonographic demonstration of the normal thoracic esophagus

Sonographic demonstration of the normal thoracic esophagus

Use of Sonography for Evaluation of the Cervical and Thoracic Esophagus in Children

Avaliação do tempo de trânsito esofágico pelo ultrassom: influência do gênero e índice de massa corpórea

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